\(2=\left(a^2+ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\right)+\left(a^2-2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)-ab\)

\(2=\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2-ab\ge-ab\)

\(\Rightarrow ab\ge-2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;-2\right);\left(-1;2\right)\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a^4+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+b^4}\le\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a^4b^2}}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{a^2b^4}}=\dfrac{a}{2a^2b}+\dfrac{b}{2ab^2}=\dfrac{1}{ab}=1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{4}{2-2ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{1-ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\)Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức ta có:

\(\dfrac{2}{1-ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}{1-ab+ab}=\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2\) hay \(P\ge\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{1-ab}=\dfrac{1}{ab};a+b=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\sqrt{2}\\ab=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;-1+\sqrt{2}\right),\left(-1+\sqrt{2};1\right)\)

a) Xét ΔABC vuông tại A có

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sin\widehat{A}=\dfrac{BC}{BC}=1\\\sin\widehat{B}=\dfrac{AC}{BC}\\\sin\widehat{C}=\dfrac{AB}{BC}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{BC}{\sin\widehat{A}}=\dfrac{BC}{1}=BC\)

\(\dfrac{AC}{\sin\widehat{B}}=\dfrac{AC}{\dfrac{AC}{BC}}=BC\)

\(\dfrac{AB}{\sin\widehat{C}}=\dfrac{AB}{\dfrac{AB}{BC}}=BC\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{BC}{\sin\widehat{A}}=\dfrac{AC}{\sin\widehat{B}}=\dfrac{AB}{\sin\widehat{C}}\)

b) Ta có: \(2\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot\cos\widehat{A}\)

\(=2\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot0\)

=0

Áp dụng định lí Pytago vào ΔABC vuông tại A, ta được:

\(BC^2=AB^2+AC^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow BC^2=AB^2+AC^2+2\cdot AB\cdot AC\cdot\cos\widehat{A}\)

Lời giải:

a) Ta thấy: \(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}=(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}\le \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\).

Vì $a> b$ nên dấu bằng không xảy ra . Tức \(\frac{1}{a+b}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)

Ta có đpcm

b)

Áp dụng kết quả phần a:

\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{1+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.1}}\)

\(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{3+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.3}}\)

\(\frac{1}{7}=\frac{1}{4+3}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{4.3}}\)

.....

\(\frac{1}{4021}=\frac{1}{2011+2010}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{4021}\)

\(< \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2\sqrt{2.1}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{3.2}}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{4.3}}+....+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}< \frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)