\(S=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{101}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S-S=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2^{101}-1\)

Vậy \(S=2^{101}-1\)

Có : \(S=1+2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{99}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S-S=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+....+2^{99}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2^{100}-1< 2^{100}\)

Vậy \(S< 2^{100}\)

 S=1+2+2²+2³+....+2⁹⁹

⇒2S=2+2²+2³+....+2¹⁰⁰

⇒2S−S=2¹⁰⁰-1

S=2¹⁰⁰-1

vì 2¹⁰⁰ -1<2¹⁰⁰

⇒S<2¹⁰⁰

a) \(S=1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\)

\(2S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\)

\(2S-S=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+...+2^{100}\right)\)

\(S=2^{101}-1\)

b) \(X=2^{2012}-2^{2011}-...-2-1\)

\(X=2^{2012}-\left(1+2+...+2^{2011}\right)\)

Đặt \(X=2^{2012}-Y\)

Ta có :

\(Y=1+2+...+2^{2011}\)

\(2Y=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\)

\(2Y-Y=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\right)-\left(1+2+...+2^{2011}\right)\)

\(Y=2^{2012}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow X=2^{2012}-2^{2012}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow X=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2010X=2010\)

lớp 10 rồi ....... khá là khó 

\(x^2+2y^2+3=x^2+y^2+y^2+1+2\ge2xy+2y+2\)

\(z^2+2x^2+3\ge2zx+2x+2\)

\(y^2+2z^2+3\ge2yz+2z+2\)

Dễ chứng minh được \(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{yz+z+1}+\dfrac{1}{zx+x+1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{yz+z+1}+\dfrac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)

Mặt khác: 

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+1.1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1.1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\)

Do đó:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ca}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{c}}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{a}}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{b}}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(ab+bc+ca\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+1}\ge\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\le\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}}{2}\)

\(tương\) \(tự\Rightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(dấu"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}\)

cho biểu thức trên = P 

\(P=\left(xy\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{\left(xy\right)^2}+2=256\left(xy\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{\left(xy\right)^2}+2-255\left(xy\right)^2< =>P\ge34-255\left(xy\right)^2\)

ta lại có \(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>1\ge2\sqrt{xy}=>\dfrac{1}{16}\ge\left(xy\right)^2\)

=> \(P\ge34-\dfrac{255}{16}=18\dfrac{1}{16}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1/2