C = x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + 10x - 22y + 28
= (x2 - 4xy + 4y2) + (10x - 20y) + (y2 - 2y) + 28
= (x - 2y)2 + 10(x - 2y) + 25 + (y2 - 2y + 1) + 2
= (x - 2y)2 + 2.(x - 2y).5 + 52 + (y - 1)2 + 2
= (x - 2y + 5)2 + (y - 1)2 + 2
Vì \(\left(x-2y+5\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\); \(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\) nên \(\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x;y\)
hay \(C\ge2\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2y+5\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-5\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
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