Lời giải:
a. $x^3-4x^2+x+6=(x^3-2x^2)-(2x^2-4x)-(3x-6)$

$=x^2(x-2)-2x(x-2)-3(x-2)=(x-2)(x^2-2x-3)$
$=(x-2)[(x^2+x)-(3x+3)]=(x-2)[x(x+1)-3(x+1)]$

$=(x-2)(x+1)(x-3)$

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b.

$x^3+7x^2+14x+8=(x^3+x^2)+(6x^2+6x)+(8x+8)$

$=x^2(x+1)+6x(x+1)+8(x+1)=(x+1)(x^2+6x+8)$

$=(x+1)[(x^2+2x)+(4x+8)]=(x+1)[x(x+2)+4(x+2)]$

$=(x+1)(x+2)(x+4)$

 Câu a bạn xem lại đề bài nhé. Đa thức đề cho thậm chí còn không có nghiệm hữu tỉ luôn cơ.

 b) Lập sơ đồ Horner:

\(\Rightarrow x^3+7x^2+14x+8=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)\)

 Ta thấy đa thức \(g\left(x\right)=x^2+6x+8\), dự đoán được 1 nghiệm \(x=-2\). Ta lại lập sơ đồ Horner:

\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)

Vậy đa thức đã cho có thể được phân tích thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\)

\(P=\dfrac{x^3-5x^2+4x+x^2-5x+4}{x^3-5x^2+4x-2x^2+10x-8}=\dfrac{x\left(x^2-5x+4\right)+\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x\left(x^2-5x+4\right)-2\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2\ne0\\x^2-5x+4\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x\ne\left\{1;2;4\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}=1+\dfrac{3}{x-2}\)

Để P nguyên \(\Rightarrow3⋮\left(x-2\right)\Rightarrow x-2=Ư\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)

\(x-2=-3\Rightarrow x=-1\)

\(x-2=-1\Rightarrow x=1\left(l\right)\)

\(x-2=1\Rightarrow x=3\)

\(x-2=3\Rightarrow x=5\)

Vậy \(x=\left\{-1;3;5\right\}\) thì P nguyên

a) 4x²  - 2x + 3 - 4x.(x - 5) = 7x - 3

--> 4x² - 2x + 3 - 4x² + 20x = 7x - 3

--> 4x² - 2x - 4x² + 20x - 7x = -3 - 3

--> 11x = -6

--> x = \(\frac{-6}{11}\)

b) -3x.(x - 5) + 5.(x - 1) + 3x² = 4x

--> -3x² + 15x + 5x - 5 + 3x² = 4x

--> -3x²  + 15x + 5x + 3x² - 4x = 5 

--> 16x = 5

--> x = \(\frac{5}{16}\)

c) 7x.(x - 2) - 5.(x - 1) = 21x² - 14x² + 3

--> 7x² - 14x - 5x + 5 = 7x² + 3 

--> 7x²  - 14x - 5x - 7x²  = -5 + 3 

--> -19x = -2 

--> x = \(\frac{2}{19}\)

d) 3.(5x - 1) - x.(x - 2) + x² - 13x = 7

--> 15x - 3 - x² + 2x + x² - 13x = 7

--> 15x - x² + 2x + x² - 13x = 3 + 7

--> 4x = 10

--> x = \(\frac{5}{2}\)

e) \(\frac{1}{5}\)x.(10x - 15) - 2x.(x - 5) = 12

--> 2x² - 3x - 2x² + 10x = 12

--> 7x = 12

--> x = \(\frac{12}{7}\)

~ Học tốt ~

a) 4x² - 2x + 3 - 4x(x - 5) = 7x - 3

=> 4x² - 2x + 3 - 4x² + 20x = 7x - 3

=> 18x + 3 = 7x - 3

=> 18x - 7x = -3 - 3

=> 11x = -6

=>  x = -6/11

b) -3x(x - 5) + 5(x - 1) + 3x² = 4x

=> -3x² + 15x + 5x - 5 + 3x² = 4x

=> 20x - 5 = 4x

=> 20x - 4x = 5

=> 16x = 5

=> x = 5/16

\(c,7x\left(x-2\right)-5\left(x-1\right)=21x^2-14x^2+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2-14x-5x+5=7x^2+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2-7x^2-19x=3-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-19x=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2}{19}\)

a) 4x² - 2x + 3 - 4x.(x - 5) = 7x - 3

<=> 18x + 3 = 7x - 3

<=> 18x = 7x - 3 - 3

<=> 18x = 7x - 6

<=> 18x - 7x = -6

<=> 11x = -6

<=> x = -6/11

=> x = -6/11

b) -3x.(x - 5) + 5.(x - 1) + 3x² = 4x

<=> 20x - 5 = 4x

<=> 20x = 4x + 5

<=> 20x - 4x = 5

<=> 16x = 5

<=> x = 5/16

=> x = 5/16

c) 7x.(x - 2) - 5.(x - 1) = 21x² - 14x² + 3

<=> 7x.(x - 2) - 5.(x - 1) = 7x² + 3

<=> 7x² - 19x + 5 = 7x² + 3

<=> 7x² - 19x = 7x² + 3 - 5

<=> 7x² - 19x = 7x² - 2 

<=> 7x² - 19x - 7x² = -2

<=> -19x = -2

<=> x = 2/19

=> x = 2/19

d) 3.(5x - 1) - x.(x - 2) + x² - 13x = 7

<=> 4x - 3 = 7

<=> 4x = 7 + 3

<=> 4x = 10

<=> x = 10/4

=> x = 5/2

e) 1/5x.(10x - 15) - 2x.(x - 5) = 12

<=> x(2x - 3) - 2x(x - 5) = 12

<=> 7x = 12

<=> x = 12/7

=> x = 12/7