\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a-b}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c+a-b}{\left(a-b\right)c}=\frac{a-b+c}{\left(b-c\right)a}\)(1)

Do \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a-b}{b-c}\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-b\right)c\)nên (1) đúng, đẳng thức được CM

Giải:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{a+b}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{a+b}{ab}-\dfrac{a+b}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac+bc+c^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)

Vậy ...

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)

⇔ bc(a+b+c) + ac(a+b+c) + ab(a+b+c) = abc (quy đồng và khử mẫu vì a,b,c ≠ 0)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+abc+ac^2+a^2b+ab^2+abc=abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bc\left(b+c\right)+a\left(c^2+2bc+b^2\right)+a^2\left(b+c\right)=0\)(chuyển abc ở vế phải sang chỉ còn 2abc rồi đặt nhân tử chung)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(bc+ab+ac+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left[b\left(a+c\right)+a\left(a+c\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(VT=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+1+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)

-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy Schwarz cho 3 số dương ta có:

\(VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}-3=\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3=\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{2.\left(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2a}{a^2+1}+1+\dfrac{2b}{b^2+1}+1+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2+2a+1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2+2b+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2+2c+1}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{c^2+1}-3}{2}\)-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy ta có:

\(VP\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2\left(a^2+1\right)}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+1\right)}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(c^2+1\right)}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{2+2+2-3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)

-Từ (1) và (2) ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge VP\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\left(đpcm\right)\)

-Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

<=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)

<=>\(\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

<=>c(a+b)(a+b+c)=-ab(a+b)

<=>(a+b)(ac+bc+c²)+ab(a+b)=0

<=>(a+b)(ac+bc+ab+c²)=0

<=>(a+b)(a+c)(c+b)=0

       a+b=0

<=> b+c=o

       c+a=0
 

a/ Biến đổi tương đương:

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+ab^2+bc^2\ge b^2c+ac^2+a^2b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c-a^2b+ab^2-ac^2+bc^2-b^2c\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c-b\right)-\left(ab+ac\right)\left(c-b\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a^2+bc-ab-ac\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng do \(a\le b\le c\)

Vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng

Câu 2: Đề sai, cho \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow3\ge6\) (sai)

Đề đúng phải là \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

\(VT=\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge\frac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

Câu 3: Không phải với mọi x; y với mọi \(x;y\) dương

Biến đổi tương đương do mẫu số vế phải dương nên ta được quyền nhân chéo:

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge\left(2x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge2x^3+x^2y+xy^2-y^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3-x^2y-xy^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Lời giải:
$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}$

$\Leftrightarrow (\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b})+(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c})=0$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)})=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{ab+c(a+b+c)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a+b)(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(c+a)(c+b)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow a+b=0$ hoặc $c+a=0$ hoặc $c+b=0$

Không mất tổng quát giả sử $a+b=0$

$\Leftrightarrow a=-b$.

Khi đó:

$\frac{1}{a^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{c^{2017}}=\frac{1}{(-b)^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{c^{2017}}$

$=\frac{-1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{c^{2017}}$

$=\frac{1}{c^{2017}}=\frac{1}{(-b)^{2017}+b^{2017}+c^{2017}}$

$=\frac{1}{a^{2017}+b^{2017}+c^{2017}}$ (đpcm)

Lần sau bạn lưu ghi đề bằng công thức toán (biểu tượng $\sum$ góc trái khung soạn thảo) để được hỗ trợ tốt nhất. Mọi người đọc đề của bạn dễ hiểu thì cũng sẽ dễ giúp hơn.

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3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)

Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Bài 2:

Thay $1=a+b+c$ và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{abc}\)

\(=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{abc}\)

\(\geq \frac{4\sqrt[4]{a.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{b.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{c.a.b.c}}{abc}=\frac{64abc}{abc}=64\)

Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$