ĐKXĐ: \(0< x< 4\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2+\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\sqrt{2-\sqrt{x}}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2}+a}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2}-b}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2\sqrt{2}-a^2b+ab^2+b^2\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{2}-2b+2a-ab\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab\left(a-b\right)=2\sqrt{2}+2\left(a-b\right)-ab\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2}+ab\sqrt{2}-ab\left(a-b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}\left(ab+2\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2}-a+b\right)\left(ab+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-a+b=0\) (do \(ab\ge0\Rightarrow ab+2>0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2+\sqrt{x}}-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{x}}=\sqrt{2}\)

Hiển nhiên \(2+\sqrt{x}\ge2-\sqrt{x}\) nên:

\(\Leftrightarrow2+\sqrt{x}+2-\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{4-x}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-x}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x=3\)

a, ĐK: \(x\le-1,x\ge3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)+\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}+3\right).\left(\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\left(tm\right)\)

b, ĐK: \(-2\le x\le2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=10-3x-4\sqrt{4-x^2}\)

Khi đó phương trình tương đương:

\(3t-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=0\\\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2+x=8-4x\\2+x=17-4x+12\sqrt{2-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{5}\left(tm\right)\\5x-15=12\sqrt{2-x}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(-2\le x\le2\Rightarrow5x-15< 0\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

c, ĐK: \(0\le x\le9\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{9x-x^2}=t\left(0\le t\le\dfrac{9}{2}\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow9+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}=-x^2+9x+m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(-x^2+9x\right)+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}+9=m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t+9=m\)

Khi \(m=9,pt\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x-x^2=0\\9x-x^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi phương trình \(m=f\left(t\right)=-t^2+2t+9\) có nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow minf\left(t\right)\le m\le maxf\left(t\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{9}{4}\le m\le10\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(\sqrt{x+1+2\sqrt{x+1}+1}+\sqrt{x+1-6\sqrt{x+1}+9}=2\sqrt{x+1-2\sqrt{x+1}+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+1}-3\right)^2}=2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x+1}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{x+1}-3\right|=2\left|\sqrt{x+1}-1\right|\)

Ta có:

\(\left|\sqrt{x+1}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{x+1}-3\right|\ge\left|\sqrt{x+1}+1+\sqrt{x+1}-3\right|=2\left|\sqrt{x+1}-1\right|\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(\sqrt{x+1}-3\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge8\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(x\ge8\)

\(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}=2\left(x\ge0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+1-\left|\sqrt{x}-1\right|=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+1-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=2,\forall\sqrt{x}-1\ge0\\\sqrt{x}+1-\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)=2,\forall\sqrt{x}-1< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\sqrt{x}=0,\forall x\ge1\\\sqrt{x}=1,\forall x< 1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in R,x\ge1\\x=1,x< 1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in R,x\ge1\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

Do \(\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x^2-1}}.\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2-1}}=\sqrt{x^2-x^2+1}=1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x^2-1}}=t\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x^2-1}}=\dfrac{1}{t}\)

Phương trình trở thành:

\(t+\dfrac{1}{t}=2\Rightarrow t^2-2t+1=0\Rightarrow t=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x^2-1}}=1\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{x^2-1}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=\sqrt{x^2-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1=x^2-1\)

\(\Rightarrow x=1\) (thỏa mãn)

a, ĐK: \(x\ge11\)

\(\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x-11}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x-11}}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x-11}+x-\sqrt{x-11}+2\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=8\)

Ta thấy \(x+\sqrt{x^2-x+11}>11>\text{​​}8\)

\(\Rightarrow\) phương trình vô nghiệm.

\(a,\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x-11}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x-11}}=4\left(x\ge11\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x-11}+x-\sqrt{x-11}+2\sqrt{\left(x+\sqrt{x-11}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x-11}\right)}=16\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+2\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=16\\ \Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=8\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-x+11}=8-x\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-x+11=x^2-16x+64\\ \Leftrightarrow15x=53\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{53}{15}\left(ktm\right)\)

\(b,\sqrt{x+2+3\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{x-2-\sqrt{2x-5}}=2\sqrt{2}\left(x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5+6\sqrt{2x-5}+9}+\sqrt{2x-5-2\sqrt{2x-5}+1}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right)^2}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}+3+\left|\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right|=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right|=1-\sqrt{2x-5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}-1\le0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}\le1\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-5\le1\Leftrightarrow x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

b, ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{x+2+3\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{x-2-\sqrt{2x-5}}=2\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+4+6\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{2x-4-\sqrt{2x-5}}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right)^2}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right|=4\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(\left|a\right|+\left|b\right|\ge\left|a+b\right|\):

\(\left|\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-5}-1\right|\)

\(=\left|\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right|+\left|1-\sqrt{2x-5}\right|\)

\(\ge\left|\sqrt{2x-5}+3+1-\sqrt{2x-5}\right|\)

\(=4\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi: 

\(\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right)\left(1-\sqrt{2x-5}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\sqrt{2x-5}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}\le1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0\le2x-5\le1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{2}\le x\le3\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

Ta có:

\(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}=\dfrac{x+3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{x+3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=\dfrac{x+3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\left(1\right)\)

Ta xét 2 trường hợp sau:

TH1: \(x\ge2\)

Khi đó:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-1}-1=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{x+3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow16\left(x-1\right)=x^2+6x+9\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=5\left(TMĐK\right)\)

TH2: \(1\le x< 2\)

Khi đó:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow1=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(TMĐK\right)\)

Vậy x=1 hoặc x=5

`\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}=2\sqrt{x-1}(x>=1)`

`<=>\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\sqrt{x-1}`

`<=>\sqrt{(\sqrt{x-1}+1)^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{x-1}-1)^2}=2\sqrt{x-1}`

`<=>|\sqrt{x-1}+1|+|\sqrt{x-1}-1|=2\sqrt{x-1}`

`<=>\sqrt{x-1}+1+|\sqrt{x-1}-1|=2\sqrt{x-1}`

`<=>|\sqrt{x-1}-1|=\sqrt{x-1}-1`

`<=>\sqrt{x-1}-1>=0``

`<=>sqrt{x-1}>=1`

`<=>x-1>=1`

`<=>x>=2`

Vậy `S={x|x>=2}`

Đặt \(a=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{x}};b=\sqrt{2-\sqrt{x}}\left(a,b\ge0\right)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=4\)

Khi đó, ta thu được pt sau: \(\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{2}+a}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{2}-b}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+a\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-b\right)}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt{2}-ab\left(a-b\right)=\sqrt{2}\left(2+a\sqrt{2}-b\sqrt{2}-ab\right)\) (Vì a²+b²=4)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2}-ab\left(a-b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)+ab\sqrt{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}\left(ab+2\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+2\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}ab+2=0\\b+\sqrt{2}=a\end{cases}}\)(loại \(ab+2=0\) vì \(ab\ge0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow b+\sqrt{2}=a\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-\sqrt{x}}+\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{x}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2-\sqrt{x}+2+2\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{x}}=2+\sqrt{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2-2\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{x}}=0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{x}}=\sqrt{x}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}-1\ge0\\4-2\sqrt{x}=x-2\sqrt{x}+1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x=3\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy pt cho có nghiệm duy nhất x=3.