với đk 0 ≤ x # 1, biểu thức đã cho xác định 

P = (x+2)/(x√x-1) + (√x+1)/(x+√x+1) - (√x+1)/(x-1) 

P = (x+2)/ (√x-1)(x+√x+1) + (√x+1)/ (x+√x+1) - 1/(√x-1) {hđt: x-1 = (√x-1)(√x+1)} 

P = [(x+2) + (√x+1)(√x-1) - (x+√x+1)] / (x√x-1) 

P = (x-√x)/(x√x-1) = (√x-1)√x /(√x-1)(x+√x+1) 

P = √x / (x+√x+1) 
- - - 
ta xem ở trên là biểu thức rút gọn của P, để chứng minh P < 1/3 ta biến đổi tiếp: 

P = 1/ (√x + 1 + 1/√x) 

bđt côsi: √x + 1/√x ≥ 2 ; dấu "=" khi x = 1 nhưng do đk xác định nên ko có dấu "=" 

vậy √x + 1/√x > 2 <=> √x + 1 + 1/√x > 3 <=> P = 1/(√x + 1 + 1/√x) < 1/3 (đpcm) 

\(A=\left(a-1\right)\sqrt{\frac{a}{a-1}}+\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)}-a\sqrt{\frac{a-1}{a}}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)^2.\frac{a}{a-1}}+\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)}-\sqrt{a^2.\frac{a-1}{a}}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)a}+\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)}-\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)}\)

\(A=\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)}\)

Trước tiên ta cần phải rút gọn biểu thức A trước.

Ta có : \(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x+1}}}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}+1+|\sqrt{x-1}-1|}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}+1+\sqrt{x-1}-1}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}}}\left(x\ge2\right)\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{2\sqrt{x-1}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{2\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}}{\sqrt{2x-1+2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\sqrt{2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{2\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}}\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{2\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1+\sqrt{2x-1}-1}\left(x\ge2\right)\)

\(A\text{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{2x-2}}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

Xét tử thức và mẫu thức của A ta thấy :

\(\sqrt{2x-2}< \sqrt{2x-1}\left(x\ge2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)

a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}+1}-1\right):\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)+\left(\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)-2x+1}{\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)}:\left(\dfrac{2x-1+\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}+1+2x-\sqrt{2x}+x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x}-2x+1}{2x-1}:\dfrac{2x-1+x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1-\left(2x+\sqrt{2x}+x\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{x}\right)}{2x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{x}+2}{-2-2\sqrt{x}}\)

a) Ta có: \(M=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}-1\right):\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)^2-2x+1}{\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{2x-1+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-1+\sqrt{x}\left(2x+2\sqrt{2x}+1\right)-2x+1}{2x-1+x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}\left(2x+2\sqrt{2x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x}-2x+2x\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}}{2x-1+x\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}-2x\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{2x}-2x+2x\sqrt{x}}{x\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{2x}+2x-2\sqrt{x}-2x\sqrt{x}}\)