a) 2x -18 = 10

    =>2x = 28

    => x = 14

b) 3x + 26 = 5

=> 3x = -21

=> x = -7

Ai làm cả 2 bài mình tích

bài 11

a) \(x^2-xy+x\\ =x\left(x-y+1\right)\)

b)

\(x^2-2xy-4+y^2\\ =\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4\\ =\left(x-y\right)^2-4\\ =\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+2\right)\)

c)

\(x^3-x^2-16x+16\\ =x^2\left(x-1\right)-16\left(x-1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)\)

bài 12

\(2x\left(x-5\right)-x\left(3+2x\right)=26\)

\(2x^2-10x-3x-2x^2=26\)

\(-13x=26\\ x=-2\)

b)

\(2\left(x+5\right)-x^2-5x=0\\ 2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\\ \left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)=0\\ \left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5=0\\2-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a.

\(10⋮\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1=Ư\left(10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1=\left\{-10;-5;-2;-1;1;2;5;10\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-9;-4;-1;0;2;3;6;11\right\}\)

b.

\(\left(x+5\right)⋮\left(x-2\right)\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)+7⋮x-2\)

\(\Rightarrow7⋮x-2\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2=Ư\left(7\right)=\left\{-7;-1;1;7\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-5;1;3;9\right\}\)

c.

\(\left(3x+8\right)⋮\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-3+11\right)⋮\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-1\right)+11⋮x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow11⋮\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1=Ư\left(11\right)=\left\{-11;-1;1;11\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-10;0;2;12\right\}\)

Lí luận chung cho cả 4 câu :

Để tích này bé hơn 0 thì các thừa số phải trái dấu với nhau 

a) Dễ thấy \(x-2>x-7\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2>0\\x-7< 0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>2\\x< 7\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}2< x< 7}\)

b) tương tự

c) \(\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2-7\right)\left(x^2-10\right)< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-11x^2+10\right)\left(x^4-11x^2+28\right)< 0\)

Dễ thấy \(x^4-11x^2+10< x^4-11x^2+28\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^4-11x^2+10< 0\\x^4+11x^2+10>0\end{cases}}\)

Tự giải nốt nha bạn mình bận rồi 

d) Ta có: \(n^2+5n+9⋮n+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n^2+3n+2n+6+3⋮n+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+3\right)+2\left(n+3\right)+3⋮n+3\)

mà \(n\left(n+3\right)+2\left(n+3\right)⋮n+3\)

nên \(3⋮n+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n+3\inƯ\left(3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n+3\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

hay \(n\in\left\{-2;-4;0;-6\right\}\)

Vậy: \(n\in\left\{-2;-4;0;-6\right\}\)

d) Ta có: n2+5n+9⋮n+3n2+5n+9⋮n+3

⇔n2+3n+2n+6+3⋮n+3⇔n2+3n+2n+6+3⋮n+3

⇔n(n+3)+2(n+3)+3⋮n+3⇔n(n+3)+2(n+3)+3⋮n+3

mà n(n+3)+2(n+3)⋮n+3n(n+3)+2(n+3)⋮n+3

nên 3⋮n+33⋮n+3

⇔n+3∈Ư(3)⇔n+3∈Ư(3)

`b)` - Ta thấy : `|x+1|+|x-2|+|x+7|>=0`

`-> 5x-10>=0`

`-> 5x>=10`

`-> x>=2`

`-> |x+1|=x+1;|x-2|=x-2;|x+7|=x+7`

- Vậy ta có :

`(x+1)+(x-2)+(x+7)=5x-10`

`<=> x+1+x-2+x+7=5x-10`

`<=> 3x+6=5x-10`

`<=> 3x-5x=-10-6`

`<=> -2x=-16`

`<=> x=8`

a) \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(-3-\dfrac{x}{2}\right)=0\)

Th1 : \(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)

         \(x=0+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

         \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Th2 : \(-3-\dfrac{x}{2}=0\)

         \(\dfrac{x}{2}=-3\)

         \(x=\left(-3\right)\cdot2\)

         \(x=-6\)

Vậy \(x\) = \(\left(\dfrac{1}{2};-6\right)\)

b) \(x-\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

    \(x=\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}\)

   \(x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

c) \(-\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}+x\right)=-2\)

                \(\dfrac{3}{2}+x=-\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(-2\right)\)

                \(\dfrac{3}{2}+x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

                       \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

                      \(x=0\)

d) \(x+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{-12}{5}\cdot\dfrac{10}{6}\)

    \(x+\dfrac{1}{3}=-4\)

    \(x=-4-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

    \(x=-\dfrac{13}{3}\)