a) \(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{2x+2}\)

Điều kiện: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+3\ge0\\x-1\ge0\\2x+2\ge0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge-3\\x\ge1\\x\ge-1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x\ge1}\)

    \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2x+2}\right)^2\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow x+3-2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}+x-1=2x+2\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow2x+2-2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=2x+2\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)

      \(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+3=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-3\left(l\right)\\x=1\left(n\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{1\right\}\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1-x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{1+x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) được hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+ab}\left(a^3-b^3\right)=2+ab\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+ab}\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=a^2+b^2+ab\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+ab}\left(a-b\right)=1\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(a\ge b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(1+ab\right)\left(a-b\right)^2=1\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(1+ab\right)\left(2-2ab\right)=1\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a^2b^2=\frac{1}{2}\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2b^2=\frac{1}{2}\\a^2+b^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo Viet đảo, \(a^2;b^2\) là nghiệm của:

\(t^2-2t+\frac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{2}\\t=\frac{2-\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x=\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{2}\\1-x=\frac{2-\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\\x=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

2 phần còn lại ko biết giải theo kiểu lớp 10, chỉ biết lượng giác hóa, bạn tham khảo thôi :(

b/ Đặt \(x=cos2t\) pt trở thành:

\(\sqrt{1-cos2t}-2cos2t.\sqrt{1-cos^22t}-\left(2cos^22t-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sint-2sin2t.cos2t-cos4t=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sint-sin4t-cos4t=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sint=sin4t+cos4t=\sqrt{2}sin\left(4t+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(4t+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=sint\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4t+\frac{\pi}{4}=t+k2\pi\\4t+\frac{\pi}{4}=\pi-t+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-\frac{\pi}{12}+\frac{k2\pi}{3}\\t=-\frac{\pi}{20}+\frac{k2\pi}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{k4\pi}{3}\right)\\x=cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{10}+\frac{k4\pi}{5}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(k\in Z\)

c/ Đặt \(x=cost\)

\(64cos^6t-112cos^4t+56cos^2t-7=2\sqrt{1-cos^2t}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow64cos^6t-112cos^4t+56cos^2t-7=2sint\)

Nhận thấy \(cost=0\) không phải nghiệm, pt tương đương:

\(64cos^7t-112cos^5t+56cos^3t-7cost=2sint.cost\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos7t=sin2t=cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-2t\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}7t=\frac{\pi}{2}-2t+k2\pi\\7t=2t-\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\frac{\pi}{18}+\frac{k2\pi}{9}\\t=-\frac{\pi}{10}+\frac{k2\pi}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=cos\left(\frac{\pi}{18}+\frac{k2\pi}{9}\right)\\x=\left(-\frac{\pi}{10}+\frac{k2\pi}{5}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ý tưởng của người ra đề khá kì quặc, công thức \(cos7a\) kia thực sự là chứng minh rất mất thời gian

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(1\le x\le7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{7-x}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(7-x\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{7-x}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7-x\\x-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b. ĐKXĐ: ...

Biến đổi pt đầu:

\(x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2=\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{x}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2-b^4=b-a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2\left(a+b\right)+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y-1}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)

Thế vào pt dưới:

\(3\sqrt{5-x}+3\sqrt{5x-4}=2x+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{5x-4}\right)+7-x-3\sqrt{5-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+4}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{1}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

đk tự giải nhé 

với x tjỏa mãn đk ta có 

\(\sqrt{\frac{x^2+3}{x}}=\frac{x^2+7}{2\left(x+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^3+3}=\frac{x^3+7x}{2\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^3+3x}=\frac{x^3+3x+4x}{2\left(x+1\right)}\)

đặt \(\sqrt{x^3+3x}=a\)

ta có pt<=> \(a=\frac{a^2+4x}{2\left(x+1\right)}\Leftrightarrow2a\left(x+1\right)=a^2+4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ax+2a=a^2+4x\Leftrightarrow a^2+4ax-2a-2ax=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ax\right)-\left(2a-4x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-2x\right)-2\left(a-2x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-2x\right)=0\)

đến đây tự làm nhé

ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge\sqrt{3}\)

\(\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}=2\sqrt{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x+\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{\left(3x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)}+x-\sqrt{3}=4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(3x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}3x+\sqrt{3}=0\\x-\sqrt{3}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-\sqrt{3}}{3}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\sqrt{3}\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(x=\sqrt{3}\)

đk: \(x\ge\sqrt{3}\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}=2\sqrt{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x+\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{\left(3x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)}+x-\sqrt{3}=4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(3x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}3x+\sqrt{3}=0\\x-\sqrt{3}=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\sqrt{3}\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(x=\sqrt{3}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\sqrt{3}\)

\(\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}=2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}\)

+) Xét \(2\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow4x=x-3\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)---> Không thỏa ĐKXĐ

Vậy \(2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}\ne0\)---> Ta dùng lượng liên hiệp:

\(\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}\right)}{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}}=\frac{4x-\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3x+\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}}{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}}\right)=0\)

Vì \(x\ge\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}>0\Rightarrow1-\frac{\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}}{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3x+\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow3x+\sqrt{3}-4\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}=3x+\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{x-\sqrt{3}}=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=\sqrt{3}\end{cases}}\)

Vì x = 0 không thỏa ĐKXĐ vậy PT nhận nghiệm duy nhất là \(x=\sqrt{3}\)