a) \(A=x^4+4x+7=\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+3=\left(x+2\right)^2+3\ge3\)

\(minA=3\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(C=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)

\(maxC=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

d) \(D=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(maxD=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

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Bài 4:

a, Nhóm từ a dùng để tả các mức độ mùi hương của sự vật

b, Nhóm tử b dùng để diễn tả trạng thái thăng hoa, toả sáng của sự vật.

\(2\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+3\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow5\overrightarrow{IA}+2\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+3\overrightarrow{JB}+3\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{BJ}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}.\overrightarrow{BJ}=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=-\dfrac{2}{5}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{20}AC^2-\dfrac{3}{10}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=-\dfrac{3}{5}a^2+\dfrac{9}{20}a^2-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2.cos60^0=-\dfrac{3}{10}a^2\)

b.

Từ câu a ta có

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (1)

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{JA}+3\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JA}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (2)

Cộng vế (1) và (2):

\(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{JI}=\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\Rightarrow IJ^2=\overrightarrow{JI}^2=\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{25}AB^2+\dfrac{9}{400}AC^2-\dfrac{9}{50}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{9}{25}a^2+\dfrac{9}{400}a^2-\dfrac{9}{50}.a^2.cos60^0=...\)

c.

Từ câu b ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{IJ}.\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{JI}.\overrightarrow{CB}=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{3}{20}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}AB^2+\dfrac{3}{20}AC^2-\dfrac{11}{20}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}a^2+\dfrac{3}{20}a^2-\dfrac{11}{20}.a^2.cos60^0=...\)