Bài 8: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử bằng phương pháp nhóm các hạng tử

Bài giải:

a) x² – xy + x – y = (x² – xy) + (x - y)

= x(x - y) + (x -y)

= (x - y)(x + 1)

b) xz + yz – 5(x + y) = z(x + y) - 5(x + y)

= (x + y)(z - 5)

c) 3x² – 3xy – 5x + 5y = (3x² – 3xy) - (5x - 5y)

= 3x(x - y) -5(x - y) = (x - y)(3x - 5).

Bài giải:

a) x² + 4x – y² + 4 = (x² + 4x + 4) - y²

= (x + 2)² – y² = (x + 2 – y)(x + 2 + y)

b) 3x² + 6xy + 3y² – 3z² = 3[(x² + 2xy + y²) – z²]

= 3[(x + y)² – z²] = 3(x + y – z)(x + y + z)

c) x² – 2xy + y² – z² + 2zt – t² = (x² – 2xy + y²) – (z² – 2zt + t²)

= (x – y)² – (z – t)²

= [(x – y) – (z – t)] . [(x – y) + (z – t)]

= (x – y – z + t)(x – y + z – t)

Bài giải:

a) 37,5 . 6,5 – 7,5 . 3,4 – 6,6 . 7,5 + 3,5 . 37,5

= (37,5 . 6,5 + 3,5 . 37,5) - (7,5 . 3,4 + 6,6 . 7,5)

= 37,5(6,5 + 3,5) - 7,5(3,4 + 6,6)

= 37,5 . 10 - 7,5 . 10

= 375 - 75 = 300.

b) 45² + 40² – 15² + 80 . 45 = 45² +2 . 40 . 45 + 40² – 15²

= (40 + 45)² – 15² = 85² – 15² = (85 – 15)(85 + 15) = 70 . 100 = 7000.

Bài giải:

a) x(x - 2) + x - 2 = 0

(x - 2)(x + 1) = 0

Hoặc x - 2 = 0 => x = 2

Hoặc x + 1 = 0 => x = -1

Vậy x = -1; x = 2

b) 5x(x - 3) - x + 3 = 0

5x(x - 3) - (x - 3) = 0

(x - 3)(5x - 1) = 0

Hoặc x - 3 = 0 => x = 3

Hoặc 5x - 1 = 0 => x = $\frac{1}{5}$.

Vậy x = $\frac{1}{5}$; x = 3.

a, Ta có x² - x - y² - y

= ( x² - y² ) - ( x + y )

= ( x - y ).( x + y ) - ( x + y )

= ( x+ y ).( x - y -1 )

b, Ta có x² - 2xy + y² - z²

= ( x² - 2xy + y² ) - z²

= ( x - y )² - z²

= ( x - y - z ).( x - y + z )

a) \(5x-5y+ax-ay\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(5x+ax\right)-\left(5y+ay\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x\left(5+a\right)-y\left(5+a\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(5+a\right)\left(x-y\right)\)

a) \(x^2-2xy-4z^2+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(2z\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(2z\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-y\right)+2z\right]\left[\left(x-y\right)-2z\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+2z\right)\left(x-y-2z\right)\)

Tại x=6, y=-4, z=45

\(\left[6-\left(-4\right)+2.45\right]\left[6-\left(-4\right)-2.45\right]=100.\left(-80\right)=-8000\)

b) \(3\left(x-3\right)\left(x+7\right)+\left(x-4\right)^2+48\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+7x-3x-21\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+48\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+21x-9x-63+x^2-4x+4+48\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+8x-11\)

Tại x=0,5 ta có:

\(4.\left(0,5\right)^2+8.0,5-11=-6\)

a) 4x² - y² + 4x + 1 = 4x² + 4x + 1 - y²

= ( 2x + 1 ) ² - y²

= ( 2x + 1 - y ) ( 2x + 1 + y )

b) x³ - x + y³ - y = x³ + y³ - x - y

= ( x + y ) ( x² - xy + y² ) - ( x + y )

= ( x + y ) ( x² - xy + y² - 1 )