Giải:

a) \(\dfrac{-5}{8}=\dfrac{x}{16}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16.-5}{8}=-10\) 

\(\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2}{6}\) 

\(\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{2.9}{6}=3\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=1\)

b) \(\dfrac{x+3}{15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)  

\(\Rightarrow x+3=\dfrac{1.15}{3}=5\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\dfrac{6}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2}{7}\) 

\(\Rightarrow2x+1=\dfrac{6.7}{2}=21\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=10\)

c) \(\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x-6=\dfrac{18.4}{-12}=-6\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=0\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{-12.24}{18}=-16\) 

 \(\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow3-x=\dfrac{192.-12}{-72}=32\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=-29\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y+1=\dfrac{16.-72}{192}=-6\) 

d) \(\dfrac{-2}{3}< \dfrac{x}{5}< \dfrac{-1}{6}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-20}{30}< \dfrac{6x}{30}< \dfrac{-5}{30}\) 

\(\Rightarrow6x\in\left\{-18;-12;-6\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-3;-2;-1\right\}\) 

\(\dfrac{-1}{5}\le\dfrac{x}{8}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-8}{40}\le\dfrac{5x}{40}\le\dfrac{10}{40}\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x\in\left\{-5;0;5;10\right\}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2\right\}\) 

e) \(\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x+\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=\dfrac{5x+2}{5}\) 

\(\Rightarrow5.\left(x+46\right)=20.\left(5x+2\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x+230=100x+40\) 

\(\Rightarrow5x-100x=40-230\) 

\(\Rightarrow-95x=-190\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=-190:-95\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=2\) 

\(y\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y+\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y^2+5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2+5=86\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2=86-5\) 

\(\Rightarrow y^2=81\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Chúc bạn học tốt!

\(a,\text{Vì }x,y\in N\Leftrightarrow x+2\ge2;y+3\ge3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y+3\right)=6=2\cdot3=3\cdot2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2=2\\y+3=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(y+1\right)=7\cdot1=1\cdot7\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=7\\y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=1\\y+1=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;0\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

a)\(\frac{x^2}{16}=\frac{24}{25}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{16.24}{25}=\frac{384}{25}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{8\sqrt{6}}{25}\)hoặc     \(x=-\frac{8\sqrt{6}}{25}\)

b)\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{9}{10}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{10}=\frac{y-x}{10-9}=\frac{120}{1}=120\)

\(\Rightarrow x=120.9=1080\)và   \(y=120.10=1200\)

c)\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{x+y}{3+5}=-\frac{32}{8}=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-4.3=-12\)và     \(y=-4.5=-20\)

d)\(4x=5y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{10}=\frac{y}{4}=\frac{y-2x}{4-10}=\frac{-5}{-6}=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}.5=\frac{25}{6}\)và     \(y=\frac{5}{6}.4=\frac{10}{3}\)

a) \(\frac{x^2}{16}=\frac{24}{25}\)

\(x^2=\frac{24}{25}\cdot16\)

\(x^2=\frac{384}{25}\)

\(x=\sqrt{\frac{384}{25}}=\frac{8\sqrt{6}}{5}\)

Vậy \(x=\frac{8\sqrt{6}}{5}\)

b) \(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{9}{10}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{10}=\frac{x}{9}\)

Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{y}{10}=\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y-x}{10-9}=120\)

\(\Rightarrow y=120\cdot10=1200\)

\(x=120\cdot9=1080\)

Vậy y= 1200 , x= 1080 

c) Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{x+y}{3+5}=\frac{-32}{8}=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-4\cdot3=-12\)

\(y=-4\cdot5=-20\)

Vậy x=-12 và y= -20

d) \(4x=5y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{4}=\frac{2x}{10}\)

Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{y}{4}=\frac{2x}{10}=\frac{y-2x}{4-10}=\frac{-5}{-6}=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow y=\frac{5}{6}\cdot4=\frac{10}{3}\)

\(x=\frac{5}{6}\cdot5=\frac{25}{6}\)

Vậy y= 10/3 và x=25/6 

\(x:y:z=3:5:\left(-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{-2}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{-2}=\dfrac{5x}{15}=\dfrac{3z}{-6}=\dfrac{5x-y+3z}{15-5-6}=-\dfrac{16}{4}=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(-4\right).3=-12\\y=\left(-4\right).5=-20\\z=\left(-4\right).\left(-2\right)=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt x=2k; y=4k

x^2.y^2=4 

(2k)^2.(4k)^2=4

64.k^4=4

k^4=1/16

k=1/2 hoặc k=-1/2

Khi k=1/2 --> x=2.1/2=1

y=4.1/2=2

Khi k=-1/2 --> x=2.(-1/2)=-1

y=4.(-1/2)=-2

x:y:z=4:5:6

--> x/4=y/5=z/6

Đặt x=4k; y=5k; z=6k

x^2-2y^2+z^2=18

(4k)^2-2.(5k)^2+(6k)^2=18

2k^2=18

k^2=9

k=3 hoặc k=-3

Khi k=3

--> x=4.3=12

y=5.3=15

z=6.3=18

Khi k=-3

--> x=4.(-3)=-12

y=5.(-3)=-15

z=6.(-3)=-18

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\\\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{5}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}\\\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{64}=\frac{y^2}{144}=\frac{z^2}{225}=\frac{x^2-y^2}{64-144}=\frac{-16}{-80}=\frac{1}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=\frac{1}{5}.64=12,8\\y^2=\frac{1}{5}.144=28,8\\z^2=\frac{1}{5}.225=45\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm\sqrt{12,8}\\y=\pm\sqrt{28,8}\\z=\pm\sqrt{45}\end{cases}}\)

Với \(x=\sqrt{12,8}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=\sqrt{28,8}\\z=\sqrt{45}\end{cases}}\)

Với \(x=-\sqrt{12,8}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-\sqrt{28,8}\\z=-\sqrt{45}\end{cases}}\)