1.Tính nhanh nếu có thể:
a) 22 + 23 + 89 + 77
= ( 77 + 23 ) + 22 + 89
= 100 + 22 + 89
= 122 + 89
= 211
b) 35 . 15 + 15 . 65
= 15 . ( 35 + 65 )
= 15 . 100
= 1500
c) 7^2 - 36 : 3^2
=  7^2 - 36 : 9
= 7^2 - 4
= 49 - 4
= 45
d) 476 - {5 . [409 - (8 . 3 - 21)2] - 1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - (24 - 21)^2] - 1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - (3^2)] -  1724}
= 476 - {5 . [409 - 9 ] - 1724}
= 476 - {5. 400 - 1724}
= 476 - {2000 - 1724}
= 476 - 276
= 200

2. Tìm x, biết:

a) x + 37 = 50

x = 50 - 37

x = 13

b) 2x - 3 = 11

2x = 11 + 3

2x = 14

2x = 2 . 7

Bài 1: 

a: BCNN(10;12)=60

b: BCNN(24;10)=120

c: BCNN(4;14;26)=364

d: BCNN(6;8;10)=120

a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^3=8\cdot25-75=125\)

=>2x+1=5

hay x=2

c: x=2; y=0

a) 150- x = -9

x = 150 -(-9)

x=150+9

x=159

b)4 (x-3)=48

x-3=48÷4

x-3=12

x=12+3

x=15

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{15}{19}\times\dfrac{38}{5}< x< \dfrac{67}{15}+\dfrac{56}{15}\\ \Leftrightarrow6< x< 8,2\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{7;8\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{15}{19}\times\dfrac{38}{5}< x< \dfrac{67}{15}-\dfrac{56}{16}\\ \dfrac{5\times3\times19\times2}{19\times5}< x< \dfrac{67\times16-56\times15}{15\times16}\\ 3\times2< x< \dfrac{232}{240}\\ 6< x< \dfrac{232}{240}\) (*)

Mà : \(\dfrac{232}{240}< \dfrac{240}{240}=1\\ \)

Nên (*) là vô lí ( Do `6>232/240` )

Vậy \(x\in\varnothing\)

Bài 3:

a: Ta có: \(23\left(42-x\right)=23\)

\(\Leftrightarrow42-x=1\)

hay x=41

b: Ta có: 15(x-3)=30

nên x-3=2

hay x=5

Bài 1: 

a: 32+89+68=100+89=189

b: 64+112+236=300+112=412

c: \(1350+360+650+40=2000+400=2400\)