x 2 y + x y 2  +  x 2 z + x z 2  +  y 2 z + y z 2  + 3xyz.

= ( x 2  y +  x 2 z + xyz) + (x y 2  +  y 2 z + xyz) + (x z 2  + y z 2  + xyz)

= x(xy + xz + yz) + y(xy + yz + xz) + z(xz + yz + xy)

= (x + y + z)(xy + xz + yz).

\(x^2y+xy^2+x^2z+xz^2+y^2z+yz^2+3xyz\)

\(=\left(x^2y+x^2z+xyz\right)+\left(xz^2+yz^2+xyz\right)+\left(xy^2+y^2z+xyz\right)\)

\(=x\left(xy+xz+yz\right)+z\left(xz+yz+xy\right)+y\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)

x2 – 2xy + y2 – z2 + 2zt – t2

(Nhận thấy x2 – 2xy + y2 và z2 – 2zt + t2 là các hằng đẳng thức)

= (x2 – 2xy + y2) – (z2 – 2zt + t2)

= (x – y)2 – (z – t)2 (xuất hiện hằng đẳng thức (3))

= [(x – y) – (z – t)][(x – y) + (z – t)]

= (x – y – z + t)(x – y + z –t)

\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-1-y+z\right)\left(x-1+y-z\right)\)

\(x^2-2x+1-y^2+2yz-z^2\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-1-y+z\right)\left(x-1+y-z\right)\)

a: Ta có: \(x^2-xy-3x+3y\)

\(=x\left(x-y\right)-3\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-3\right)\)

b: Ta có: \(5x^2+5xy-x-y\)

\(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)

c: Ta có: \(x^2-2xy+y^2-z^2\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z^2\)

\(=\left(x-y-z\right)\left(x-y+z\right)\)

a, \(8^3yz+12^2yz+6xyz+yz\)

\(=512yz+144yz+6xyz+yz\)

\(=yz\left(512+14+6x+1\right)\)

\(=yz\left(527+6x\right)\)

$---$

b, \(81x^4\left(z^2-y^2\right)-z^2+y^2\)

\(=81x^4\left(z^2-y^2\right)-\left(z^2-y^2\right)\)

\(=\left(z^2-y^2\right)\left(81x^4-1\right)\)

\(=\left(z-y\right)\left(z+y\right)\left[\left(9x^2\right)^2-1^2\right]\)

\(=\left(z-y\right)\left(z+y\right)\left(9x^2-1\right)\left(9x^2+1\right)\)

\(=\left(z-y\right)\left(z+y\right)\left[\left(3x\right)^2-1^2\right]\left(9x^2+1\right)\)

\(=\left(z-y\right)\left(z+y\right)\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)\left(9x^2+1\right)\)

$---$

c, \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}-\dfrac{y^3}{27}+\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}\)

\(=\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^3-\left(\dfrac{y}{3}\right)^3\right]+\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{x^2}{4}+\dfrac{xy}{6}+\dfrac{y^2}{9}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{x^2}{4}+\dfrac{xy}{6}+\dfrac{y^2}{9}+1\right)\)

$---$

d, \(x^6+x^4+x^2y^2+y^4-y^6\)

\(=\left(x^6-y^6\right)+\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(x^2\right)^3-\left(y^2\right)^3\right]+\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)+\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)\)

\(=\left(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4\right)\left(x^2-y^2+1\right)\)

$Toru$

\(A=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(z^2-x^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+y\left(-y^2+z^2-x^2+y^2\right)+z\left(x^2-y^2\right)=\left(y^2-z^2\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(z-y\right)=\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y-z\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z-x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)

\(B=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=ab^3-ac^3+bc^3-a^3b+a^3c-b^3c=ab\left(b^2-a^2\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)=-ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(-a^2b-ab^2-c^3+a^2c+abc+b^2c\right)\)

\(C=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(a+b-a+c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)-bc\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a-c\right)+ac\left(a-c\right)=b\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)+c\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+c\right)\left(a-c\right)\)

\(a,4x-20y=4\left(x-5y\right)\\ b,10x^2+10xy-x-y=10x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(10x-1\right)\\ c,x^2-2xy-z^2+y^2=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-z^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)\left(x-y+z\right)\)