\(A=\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{4}{4}=1\)

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Đề cần sửa thành $\leq \frac{4}{3}$

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{1}{(x^2+z^2)+(x^2+y^2)}\leq \frac{1}{2xy+2xz}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{xy+xz}\leq \frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:

\(\sum \frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{4xyz}\) $(1)$

Mặt khác:

$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=4\Rightarrow 4xyz=xy+yz+xz$

$\Rightarrow 16x^2y^2z^2=(xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)$ (theo BĐT AM-GM)

$\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq \frac{16}{3}xyz (2)$

Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \sum \frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}\leq \frac{4}{3}$ 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{3}{4}$

\(\dfrac{1}{2x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+x^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2xy+2xz}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+2z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Đề bài sai

\(\dfrac{x^3}{2y+1}+\dfrac{2y+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3\left(2y+1\right)}{27\left(2y+1\right)}}=x\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y^3}{2z+1}+\dfrac{2z+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge y\) ; \(\dfrac{z^3}{2x+1}+\dfrac{2x+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge z\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)+3}{9}+1\ge x+y+z\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{7}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{4}{3}\ge\dfrac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}-\dfrac{4}{3}=1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

Tương tự với \(\frac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\), \(\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\right)\).

Suy ra \(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=1\).

(Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)với \(a,b>0\), dấu \(=\)khi \(a=b\))

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) 

\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) 

Tương tự rồi cộng từng vế, ta có: 

\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)=\frac{4}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\) 

=> ĐPCM

Áp dụng bđt phụ \(\dfrac{1}{A+B}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{A}+\dfrac{1}{B}\right)\forall A,B>0\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=1\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x+x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)