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\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\text{⇒}\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{4}\text{⇒}\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\dfrac{-21}{-3}=7\)

⇒x=70;y=105;z=84

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)⇒\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{2y^2}{18}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}=\dfrac{x^2-2y^2+z^2}{4-18+25}=\dfrac{44}{11}=4\)

⇒x=8;y=12;z=20

a: x/2=-5/y

=>xy=-10

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;-10\right);\left(-10;1\right);\left(-1;10\right);\left(10;-1\right);\left(2;-5\right);\left(-5;2\right);\left(-2;5\right);\left(5;-2\right)\right\}\)

b: =>xy=12

mà x>y>0

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(12;1\right);\left(6;2\right);\left(4;3\right)\right\}\)

c: =>(x-1)(y+1)=3

=>\(\left(x-1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;3\right);\left(3;1\right);\left(-1;-3\right);\left(-3;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;2\right);\left(4;0\right);\left(0;-4\right);\left(-2;-2\right)\right\}\)

d: =>y(x+2)=5

=>\(\left(x+2;y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;5\right);\left(5;1\right);\left(-1;-5\right);\left(-5;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;5\right);\left(3;1\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-7;-1\right)\right\}\)

a: Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:

x/5=y/2=(x-y)/(5-2)=9/3=3

=>x=15; y=6

b: =>(x-3)/12=3/(x-3)

=>(x-3)^2=36

=>(x-9)(x+3)=0

=>x=9 hoặc x=-3

c; x/2=y/3

=>x/10=y/15

y/5=z/4

=>y/15=z/12

=>x/10=y/15=z/12=(x-y-z)/(10-15-12)=-49/-17=49/17

=>x=490/17; y=735/17; z=588/17

Lời giải:

a. Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

\(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{2}{5}\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{2x}{4}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{2x-y}{4-5}=\frac{3}{-1}=-3\)

$\Rightarrow x=-3.2=-6; y=-3.5=-15$

b. Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}; \frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{7}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{8}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{21}$

$=\frac{2x}{16}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{2x-y+z}{16-12+21}=\frac{50}{25}=2$

$\Rightarrow x=8.2=16; y=2.12=24; z=2.21=42$

c.

$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{4}=\frac{y^2}{9}=\frac{z^2}{16}=\frac{2z^2}{32}$

$=\frac{x^2-y^2+2z^2}{4-9+32}=\frac{108}{27}=4$

$\Rightarrow x^2=4.4=16; y^2=9.4=36; z^2=4.4=16$

Kết hợp với đkxđ suy ra:
$(x,y,z)=(4,6,4); (-4; -6; -4)$

a)\(x-5=-1\)

⇔\(x=4\)

b)\(x+30=-4\)

⇔\(x=-34\)

c)\(x-\left(-24\right)=3\)

⇔\(x+24=3\)

⇔\(x=-21\)

e)\(\left(x+5\right)+\left(x-9\right)=x+2\)

⇔\(x+5+x-9-x-2=0\)

⇔\(x-6=0\)

⇔\(x=6\)

f)\(\left(27-x\right)+\left(15+x\right)=x-24\)

⇔\(27-x+15+x-x+24=0\)

⇔\(66-x=0\)

⇔\(x=66\)

\(a.x-5=-1\)                      \(b.x+30=-4\)

\(x=\left(-1\right)+5\)                        \(x=\left(-4\right)-30\)

\(x=4\)                                    \(x=-34\)

\(c.x-\left(-24\right)=3\)                    \(e.\left(x+5\right)+\left(x-9\right)=x+2\)

\(x=3+\left(-24\right)\)                         \(x+5+x-9=x+2\)

\(x=-21\)                                  \(2x-4=x+2\)

                                                \(2x-x=2+4\)

                                                 \(x=6\)

\(f.\left(27-x\right)+\left(15+x\right)=x-24\)

\(27-x+15+x=x-24\)

\(27+15=x-24\)

\(42=x-24\)

\(x=24+42\)

\(x=66\)

a: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-15+12}=\dfrac{-49}{7}=-7\)

Do đó: x=-70; y=-135; z=-84

a: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\\\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

 \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{x+z-y}{10+12-15}=-\dfrac{49}{7}=-7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(-7\right).10=-70\\y=\left(-7\right).15=-105\\z=\left(-7\right).12=-84\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{-2}\\\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{z}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{-4}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{3x}{18}=\dfrac{2y}{-8}=\dfrac{3x-z+2y}{18-7-8}=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1.6=6\\y=1.\left(-4\right)=-4\\z=1.7=7\end{matrix}\right.\)