\(A=\sqrt{\left(1.x+\dfrac{1}{2}.2y\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(x^2+4y^2\right)}=5\)

\(A_{max}=5\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(4;1\right);\left(-4;-1\right)\)

Lời giải:

ĐKĐB $\Leftrightarrow (x^2+4y^2-4xy)+8x=5$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2y)^2+8x=5$.

Đặt $x-2y=a; x=b$ thì bài toán trở thành:

Cho $a,b$ thực thỏa mãn $a^2+8b=5$. Tìm max của $B=-2a+8b$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$a^2+1\geq 2\sqrt{a^2}=2|a|\geq -2a$

$\Rightarrow a^2+1\geq -2a$

$\Rightarrow a^2+8b+1\geq -2a+8b$

$\Leftrightarrow 6\geq B$. Vậy $B_{\max}=6$

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\b=2y\\c=3z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b+c=2;a,b,c>0\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{2}}{\dfrac{ab}{2}+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{2}}{\dfrac{bc}{2}+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)

Vì a,b,c>0 nên áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có: 

 \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+bc+ca+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{a+c}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{b+c}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) 

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: a=b=c=2/3=>\(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{2}{9}\right\}\)

\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(2y+\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+2020}\right)=2020\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y+\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+2020}=\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\\x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}=\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+2020}-2y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2y+\sqrt{x^2+2020}+\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+2020}=-x-2y+\sqrt{x^2+2020}+\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2+2020}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+2y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2y\)

\(\Rightarrow B=2y^2-8y^2+3y^2-2y+3y+15\)

\(\Rightarrow B=-3y^2+y+15=-3\left(y-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{181}{12}\)

\(B_{max}=\dfrac{181}{12}\) khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

\(\sqrt{4x+2\sqrt{x}+1}\le\sqrt{4x+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2^2+x\right)+1}=\sqrt{\dfrac{9x}{2}+3}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{21}}.\sqrt{21}.\sqrt{\dfrac{9x}{2}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(21+\dfrac{9x}{2}+3\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(\dfrac{9x}{2}+24\right)\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(\dfrac{9}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+72\right)=3\sqrt{21}\)

\(A_{max}=3\sqrt{21}\) khi \(x=y=z=4\)

\(A=1\sqrt{4x+2\sqrt{x}+1}+1.\sqrt{4y+2\sqrt{y}+1}+1\sqrt{4z+2\sqrt{z}+1}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(4\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)+3\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{3.\left[51+\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)}{2}\right]}\)

\(\le\sqrt{3.\left[51+\dfrac{x+y+z+12}{2}\right]}\)

\(=\sqrt{189}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 4

\(2=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge y^2+z^2\ge2yz\Rightarrow yz\le1\)

\(P=x\left(1-yz\right)+y+z\Rightarrow P^2\le\left[x^2+\left(y+z\right)^2\right]\left[\left(1-yz\right)^2+1\right]\)

\(P^2\le\left(2+2yz\right)\left(y^2z^2-2yz+2\right)\)

\(P^2\le2\left(yz\right)^3-2\left(yz\right)^2+4=2y^2z^2\left(yz-1\right)+4\le4\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le2\)

\(P_{max}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và các hoán vị