\(-1\le a\le2\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+1\ge0\\a-2\le0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(a-2\right)\le0}\)

Tương tự \(\left(b+1\right)\left(b-2\right)\le0,\left(c+1\right)\left(c-2\right)\le0\)

=> (a+1)(a-2)+(b+1)(b-2)+(c+1)(c-2)\(\le\)0 => a²+b²+c²-(a+b+c)-6\(\le\)0 

=>a²+b²+c² \(\le\)6 

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (a+1)(  a-2)=0, (b+1)(b-2)=0, (c+1)(c-2)=0 , a+b+c=0 <=> a=2, b=c=-1 và các hoán vị 

Từ a+b+c=6 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b=6-c

Ta có: ab+bc+ac=9\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab+c(a+b)=9

                               \(\Leftrightarrow\)ab=9-c(a+b)

           Mà a+b=6-c (cmt)

                                \(\Rightarrow\)ab=9-c(6-c)

                                \(\Rightarrow\)ab=9-6c+c²

Ta có: (b-a)²\(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)b, c

  \(\Rightarrow\)b²+a²-2ab\(\ge\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)(b+a)²-4ab\(\ge\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)(a+b)²\(\ge\)4ab

Mà a+b=6-c (cmt)

         ab= 9-6c+c² (cmt)

  \(\Rightarrow\)(6-c)²\(\ge\)4(9-6c+c²)

  \(\Rightarrow\)36+c²-12c\(\ge\)36-24c+4c²

  \(\Rightarrow\)36+c²-12c-36+24c-4c²\(\ge\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)-3c²+12c\(\ge\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)3c²-12c\(\le\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)3c(c-4)\(\le\)0

  \(\Rightarrow\)c(c-4)\(\le\)0

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c-4\le0\end{cases}}\)hoặc\(\hept{\begin{cases}c\le0\\c-4\ge0\end{cases}}\)

*\(\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c-4\le0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge0\\c\le4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}0\le c\le4}\)

*

Vì \(0\le a\le2;0\le b\le2;0\le c\le2\Rightarrow\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow8-4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)-8+abc\ge4\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge12-8+abc\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le-4\)

Ta có :

\(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le9-4=5\Rightarrowđpcm\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi

\(\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)=0\)

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2-a=0\\2-b=0\\2-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8-4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)-8+abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge12-8+abc\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le-4\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le9-4=5\)(Đpcm)

Dấu = khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)=0\\abc=0\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\)và hoán vị.

a = 2 ( t/m )

b = 1 ( t/m )

c = 0 ( t/m )

vậy \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le5\)

Trong 3 số \(a;b;c\) có ít nhất 2 số cùng dấu. Như vậy sẽ có tích của 2 số lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0. Giả sử: \(xy\ge0\Leftrightarrow2xy\ge0\) (1)

\(-1\le a;b;c\le1\Leftrightarrow a^2;b^2;c^2\le1\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có:

\(x^2+y^4+z^6=x^2+y^2.y^2+z^2.z^2.z^2\le x^2+y^2.1+z^2.1.1=x^2+y^2+z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2=z^2+z^2=2z^2\le2\)

Ta có điều phải chứng minh