a)

\(\begin{array}{l}x.\frac{{14}}{{27}} = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}\\x = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}:\frac{{14}}{{27}}\\x = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}.\frac{{27}}{{14}}\\x = \frac{{ - 3}}{2}\end{array}\)                

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 3}}{2}\).

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right):x = \frac{2}{3}\\x = \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right):\frac{2}{3}\\x = \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right).\frac{3}{2}\\x = \frac{{ - 5}}{6}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 5}}{6}\).

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}:0,125\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}:\frac{1}{8}\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}.8\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{2}{5}:\frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{2}{5}.2\\x = \frac{4}{5}\end{array}\)      

Vậy \(x = \frac{4}{5}\)

d)

\(\begin{array}{l} - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2}\\ - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{4}{6} - \frac{3}{6}\\ - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{1}{6}\\x = \frac{1}{6}:\left( { - \frac{5}{{12}}} \right)\\x = \frac{1}{6}.\frac{{ - 12}}{5}\\x = \frac{{ - 2}}{5}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 2}}{5}\).

Chú ý: Khi trình bày lời giải bài tìm x, sau khi tính xong, ta phải kết luận.

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

\(a,\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-5< 0\\x+2>0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-5>0\\x+2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 5\\x>-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>5\\x< -2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow-2< x< 5\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3;4\right\}\\ b,\Rightarrow5< x^2< 14\\ \Rightarrow x^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {9x - {2^3}} \right):5 = 2\\9x - {2^3} = 2.5\\9x - 8 = 10\\9x = 18\\x = 2\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = 2\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left[ {{3^4} - \left( {{8^2} + 14} \right):13} \right]x = {5^3} + {10^2}\\\left[ {81 - \left( {64 + 14} \right):13} \right]x = 125 + 100\\\left[ {81 - 78:13} \right]x = 125 + 100\\\left[ {81 - 6} \right]x = 225\\75x = 225\\x = 3\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = 3\)

\(a,\left(2x-5\right)+17=6\\ \Rightarrow2x-5=-11\\ \Rightarrow2x=-6\\ \Rightarrow x=-3\\ b,10-2\left(4-3x\right)=-4\\ \Rightarrow2\left(4-3x\right)=14\\ \Rightarrow4-3x=7\\ \Rightarrow3x=-3\\ \Rightarrow x=-1\\ c,24:\left(3x-2\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow3x-2=-8\\ \Rightarrow3x=-6\\ \Rightarrow x=-2\\ d,5-2x=-17+12\\ \Rightarrow5-2x=-5\\ \Rightarrow2x=10\\ \Rightarrow x=5\)

a: =>2x-5=-11

=>2x=-6

hay x=-3

b: =>2(4-3x)=14

=>4-3x=7

=>3x=-3

hay x=-1

c: =>3x-2=-8

=>3x=-6

hay x=-2

a) 2x-5+17=6

2x+12=6

2x=12-6

2x=6

x=6:2

x-3

b) 10-8+6x=-4

2+6x=-4

6x=-4-2

6x=-6

x=(-6):6

x=-1

c) 3x-2=24:(-3)

3x-2=-8

3x=-8+2

3x=-6

x=-6:3

x=-2

d) 5-2x=-5

-2x=-5-5

-2x=-10

x=-10:(-2)

x=5

\(a,2x-5+17=6\\ \Rightarrow2x=-6\\ \Rightarrow x=-3\\ b,\Leftrightarrow10-8+6x=-4\\ \Leftrightarrow6x=-6\Leftrightarrow x=-1\\ d,\Rightarrow-2x=-10\\ \Rightarrow x=5\)

câu c giống câu b nhó

\(a,\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{5}{6}-\dfrac{2}{3}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{6}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{7}{12}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}:\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=1\\ b,\dfrac{-5}{x}=\dfrac{20}{28}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{-5}{x}=\dfrac{5}{7}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{-5}{x}=\dfrac{-5}{-7}\\ \Rightarrow x=-7\\ c,2\dfrac{1}{3}:x=7\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{7}{3}:x=7\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{3}:7\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(d,\dfrac{-105}{12}< x< \dfrac{20}{7}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-8;-7;...;2\right\}\)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

hay x=1

b: \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-28\cdot5}{20}=-7\)

c: \(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{3}:7=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

d: \(\Leftrightarrow-8< x< 3\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-7;-6;-5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2\right\}\)

\(a)\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{6}\\ \dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{7}{12}\\ \dfrac{3}{4}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ x=\dfrac{2}{3}:\dfrac{3}{4}\\ x=\dfrac{8}{9}\\ b)-\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{20}{28}\\ -5\cdot28=x\cdot20=-140\\ x=-140:20\\ x=-7\\ c)\dfrac{7}{3}:x=7\\ x=\dfrac{7}{3}:7\\ x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(a.\)

\(x-\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{3+5}{6}=\dfrac{8}{6}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(b.\)

\(-\dfrac{3}{4}-x=-\dfrac{7}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{4}--\dfrac{7}{12}=-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{\left(-3\right)\cdot3+7}{12}=\dfrac{-2}{12}=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)

a)x=1/2+5/6

x=/3/6+5/6

x=8/6=4/3

b)x=-3/4- (-7/12)

x=-9/12-(-7/12)

x=-1/6

a) \(x-\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

           \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{5}{6}\) 

          \(x=\dfrac{4}{3}\) 

b) \(\dfrac{-3}{4}-x=\dfrac{-7}{12}\) 

               \(x=\dfrac{-3}{4}-\dfrac{-7}{12}\) 

               \(x=\dfrac{-1}{6}\)

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