1) x-12=(-8)+(-17)
    x-12=(-25)
    x      = (-25)+12
    x      = (-13)

Lời giải:
a. $(x^2-9)(5x+15)=0$

$\Rightarrow x^2-9=0$ hoặc $5x+15=0$
Nếu $x^2-9=0$

$\Rightarrow x^2=9=3^2=(-3)^2$

$\Rightarrow x=3$ hoặc $-3$
Nếu $5x+15=0$

$\Rightarrow x=-3$
b.

$x^2-8x=0$
$\Rightarrow x(x-8)=0$

$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x-8=0$

$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=8$

c. 

$5+12(x-1)^2=53$

$12(x-1)^2=53-5=48$

$(x-1)^2=48:12=4=2^2=(-2)^2$

$\Rightarrow x-1=2$ hoặc $x-2=-2$
$\Rightarrow x=3$ hoặc $x=0$

d.

$(x-5)^2=36=6^2=(-6)^2$
$\Rightarrow x-5=6$ hoặc $x-5=-6$

$\Rightarrow x=11$ hoặc $x=-1$

e.

$(3x-5)^3=64=4^3$

$\Rightarrow 3x-5=4$

$\Rightarrow 3x=9$

$\Rightarrow x=3$

f.

$4^{2x}+2^{4x+3}=144$
$2^{4x}+2^{4x}.8=144$

$2^{4x}(1+8)=144$

$2^{4x}.9=144$

$2^{4x}=144:9=16=2^4$

$\Rightarrow 4x=4\Rightarrow x=1$

a) \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1+4}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1}{2x+1}+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}=1+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\)  

Để \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\in Z\) 

\(\Rightarrow4\) ⋮ \(2x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3;3;-5\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-1;\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2}\right\}\)

Mà x nguyên \(\Rightarrow\text{x}\in\left\{0;-1\right\}\) 

b) \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}=\dfrac{3x+3+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}=3+\dfrac{2}{x+1}\) 

Để \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{x+1}\in Z\) 

\(\Rightarrow2\) ⋮ \(x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\) 

c) \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x-3+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}+\dfrac{11}{x-1}=3+\dfrac{11}{x-1}\)  

Để: \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{11}{x-1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow11\) ⋮ \(x-1\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{1;-1;11;-11\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;12;-10\right\}\)

d) \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}=\dfrac{5x-10+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}+\dfrac{22}{x-2}=5+\dfrac{22}{x-2}\)

Để: \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{22}{x-2}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow22\) ⋮ \(x-2\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2\inƯ\left(22\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;11;-11;22;-22\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;13;-9;24;-20\right\}\)

e) \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}=\dfrac{7x+112-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)}{x+16}-\dfrac{124}{x+16}=7-\dfrac{124}{x+16}\)

Để \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{124}{x+16}\in Z\) 

\(\Rightarrow124\) ⋮ \(x+16\)

\(\Rightarrow x+16\inƯ\left(124\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;31;-31;62;-62;124;-124\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-15;-17;-14;-18;-12;-20;15;-47;46;-78;108;-140\right\}\)

Mình làm câu khó thôi nhé.

2x chia hết cho 3

=>(2x+x-x) chia hết cho 3

=>(3x-x) chia hết cho 3

3x chia hết cho 3=>x chia hết cho 3

=>x thuộc B(3)={0;3;6;...}

Vậy x thuộc {0;3;6;...ư}

Bổ sung: vì 0<x<40=>x thuộc {3;6;9;...:39}

a) Các ước của -12: 1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12

Vậy x\(\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12\right\}\)

b) (-300):20+5.(3x-1)=25

    (-15) + 5.(3x-1)     = 25

               5.(3x-1)      = 25-(-15)

               5.(3x-1)      = 40

                   3x-1        = 40:5                   

                   3x-1        = 8

                   3x           = 8+1

                   3x           = 9

                     x           = 9:3

                     x           = 3

Vậy x=3

c) 2x \(⋮\) 3

=>(2x+x-x) \(⋮\) 3

=>(3x-x) \(⋮\) 3

3x \(⋮\) 3=>x \(⋮\) 3

=>x \(\in\) B(3)={0;3;6;...}

Vậy x \(\in\) {0;3;6;...}

TICK VÀ LIKE NHA. CẢM ƠN

Giup mình với ah.

1- Tính :

A= 5. | x- 5 | - 3x + 1

2 - Tìm các số nguyên x,y ; sao cho :

a) 5/x - y/3 = 1/6                        b) 5/x + y/4 = 1/8

3- Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của Q = 27-2x/12-x ( x là số nguyên)

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1) \(A=5.\left|x-5\right|-3x+1\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}5.\left(x-5\right)-3x+1\left(x-5\ge0\right)\\5.\left(5-x\right)-3x+1\left(x-5< 0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x-25-3x+1\left(x\ge5\right)\\25-5x-3x+1\left(x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-24\left(x\ge5\right)\\26-8x\left(x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

3:

\(Q=\dfrac{27-2x}{12-x}=\dfrac{2x-27}{x-12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{2x-24-3}{x-12}=2-\dfrac{3}{x-12}\)

Để Q lớn nhất thì \(2-\dfrac{3}{x-12}\) lớn nhất

=>\(\dfrac{3}{x-12}\) nhỏ nhất

=>x-12 là số nguyên âm lớn nhất

=>x-12=-1

=>x=11

Vậy: \(Q_{min}=2-\dfrac{3}{11-12}=2+3=5\) khi x=11

Bài 2:

a: \(\dfrac{5}{x}-\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

=>\(\dfrac{15-xy}{3x}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

=>\(15-xy=\dfrac{x}{2}\)

=>\(30-2xy=x\)

=>x+2xy=30

=>x(2y+1)=30

mà x,y nguyên

nên \(\left(x;2y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(30;1\right);\left(-30;-1\right);\left(2;15\right);\left(-2;-15\right);\left(10;3\right);\left(-10;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(30;0\right);\left(-30;-1\right);\left(2;7\right);\left(-2;-8\right);\left(10;1\right);\left(-10;-2\right)\right\}\)

b: \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

=>\(\dfrac{20+xy}{4x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

=>\(\dfrac{40+2xy}{8x}=\dfrac{x}{8x}\)

=>40+2xy=x

=>x-2xy=40

=>x(1-2y)=40

mà x,y nguyên

nên \(\left(x;1-2y\right)\in\left\{\left(40;1\right);\left(-40;-1\right);\left(8;5\right);\left(-8;-5\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(40;0\right);\left(-40;1\right);\left(8;-2\right);\left(-8;3\right)\right\}\)