\(log_3\sqrt{3}=log_33^{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(lne^3=log_ee^3=3\)

\(log_{27}3=log_{3^3}3=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\log_{\sqrt{3}}3=log_{3^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}3=1:\dfrac{1}{2}=2\)

\(\log_{0,125}2=log_{2^{-3}}2=\dfrac{1}{-3}\)

\(\log_{\sqrt[3]{49}}7=\log_{7^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}7=1:\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\log_{\dfrac{1}{125}}5=\log_{5^{-3}}5=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\log_84=log_{2^3}2^2=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot2=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\log_{25}\left(\dfrac{1}{5}\right)=\log_{5^2}5^{-1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(-1\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\sqrt{5}=\log_{5^{-1}}5^{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{-1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\sqrt[5]{49}=\log_{7^{-1}}7^{\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{1}{-1}\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}=-\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(\log_4\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\log_{2^2}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^{-1}\)

\(=\log_{2^{-2}}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{-2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\log_{27}3\sqrt{3}=\log_{3^3}3^{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a)

Có:

\(log_2^{\left(2^x+1\right)}.log_2^{\left(2^{x+1}+2\right)}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow log_2^{\left(2^x+1\right)}.\left[1+log_2^{\left(2^{x+1}\right)}\right]=2\)

Đặt \(t=log_2^{\left(2^x+1\right)}\), ta có phương trình \(t\left(1+t\right)=2\Leftrightarrow t^2+t-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}log_2^{\left(2^x+1\right)}=1\\log_2^{\left(2x+1\right)}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^x+1=2\\2^x+1=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^x=1\\2^x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(không-t.m\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=0\)

b)

Với điều kiện \(x>0\), ta có:

\(log.\left(x^{log9}\right)=log9.logx\) và \(log\left(9^{logx}=logx.log9\right)\)

nên \(log\left(x^{log9}\right)=log\left(9^{logx}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^{log9}=9^{logx}\)

Đặt \(t=x^{log9}\), ta được phương trình \(2t=6\Leftrightarrow t=3\Leftrightarrow x^{log9}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow log\left(x^{log9}\right)=log3\Leftrightarrow log9.logx=log3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow logx=\dfrac{log3}{log9}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{10}\) (thỏa mãn điều kiện \(x>0\)).

c)

Với điều kiện \(x>0\), lấy lôgarit thập phân hai vế của phương trình đã cho, ta được:

\(\left(3log^3x-\dfrac{2}{3}logx\right).logx=\dfrac{7}{3}\)

Đặt \(t=logx\), ta được phương trình:

\(3t^4-\dfrac{2}{3}t^2-\dfrac{7}{3}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9t^4-2t^2-7=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t^2=1\\t^2=-\dfrac{7}{9}\left(không-t.m\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}logx=1\\logx=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\x=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)

d)

Đặt \(t=log_5^{\left(x+2\right)}\) với điều kiện \(x+2>0\), \(x+2\ne1\), ta có:

\(1+\dfrac{2}{t}=t\Leftrightarrow t^2-t-2=0,t\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}log_5^{\left(x+2\right)}=-1\\log_5^{\left(x+2\right)}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=\dfrac{1}{5}\\x+2=25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{9}{5}\\x=23\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{0;5;-5\right\}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{x+25}{2x^2-50}-\frac{x+5}{x^2-5x}=\frac{5-x}{2x^2+10x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(x+25\right)}{2x\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}-\frac{2\left(x+5\right)^2}{2x\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\frac{\left(x-5\right)^2}{2x\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}=0\)

Suy ra: \(x^2+25x-2\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+x^2-10x+25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+15x+25-2x^2-20x-50=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5x-25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5x=25\)

hay x=-5(loại)

Vậy: \(S=\varnothing\)

\(a,\left(0,3\right)^{x-3}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\\ b,5^{3x-2}=25\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2=2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ c,9^{x-2}=243^{x+1}\\ \Leftrightarrow3^{2x-4}=3^{5x+5}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=5x+5\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=-9\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-3\)

d, Điều kiện: \(x>-1;x\ne0\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{x}}\left(x+1\right)=-3\\ \Leftrightarrow x+1=x^3\\ x\simeq1,325\left(tm\right)\)

e, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(log_5\left(3x-5\right)=log_5\left(2x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-5=2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=6\left(tm\right)\)

f, Điều kiện: \(x>\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(x+9\right)=log_{\dfrac{1}{7}}\left(2x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+9=2x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=10\left(tm\right)\)

Lời giải:
a. $2x+7>0$

$\Leftrightarrow x> \frac{-7}{2}$

b. 

$-5x+12<17$

$\Leftrightarrow -5x< 5$

$\Leftrightarrow 5+5x>0$

$\Leftrightarrow 5x>-5$

$\Leftrightarrow x>-1$

c. 

$-3x+5>-5x+2$

$\Leftrightarrow (-3x+5)-(-5x+2)>0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2x+3>0$

$\Leftrightarrow x> \frac{-3}{2}$

d.

$\frac{x}{2}+3< 7$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x}{2}< 4$

$\Leftrightarrow x< 8$

ĐK;x>0
<=> \(\frac{1}{2}\)log₂x-log₂x-log₅2>1

<=>\(\frac{1}{2}\)log₂x>1+log₅2

<=> log₂x>\(\frac{1+log_{ }^{ }}{2}\)( ví a=2>0)

<=>x>2^{\(\frac{1+log_{ }^{ }}{2}\)}

a, Điều kiện: x > 0

\(log_3\left(x\right)< 2\\ \Rightarrow0< x< 9\)

b, Điều kiện: x > 5

\(log_{\dfrac{1}{4}}\left(x-5\right)\ge-2\\ \Rightarrow x-5\le16\\ \Leftrightarrow5< x\le21\)