Ta có: \(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{m_{KOH}}{m_{KOH}+m_{H_2O}}.100\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{m_{KOH}}{m_{KOH}+400}=0,12\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=\dfrac{600}{11}\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: 0,11>0,12, ta được Fe dư.

a, Theo PT: 

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot1=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Sắt còn dư, HCl p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{FeCl_2}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot56=2,8\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a/ \\ Fe+2HCl \rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{56}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1(mol)\\ Fe: 0,1>HCl: \frac{0,1}{2}=0,05\\ \Rightarrow \text{Fe dư, HCl hết} n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ V_{H_2}=1,12l\\ b/ \\ \text{Fe dư}\\ n_{Fe}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ m_{Fe}=(0,1-0,05).56=2,8g\\ C/ \\ n_{FeCl_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ CM_{FeCl_2}=0,5M \)

$2KOH + H_2SO_4 \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{KOH} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)$
$m_{dd\ KOH} = \dfrac{11,2}{5,6\%} = 200(gam)$
$V_{dd\ KOH} = \dfrac{m}{D} = \dfrac{200}{1,045} = 191,4(ml)$

\(\text{1)}m_{KOH}=40.35\%=14\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ \text{Theo pthh}:n_{HCl}=n_{KOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(l\right)\)

\(\text{2)}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=200.14,7\%=29,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\\ \text{PTHH}:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \text{LTL}:\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư}\)

\(\text{Theo pthh}:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,15=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow m_{dd\left(\text{sau phản ứng}\right)}=200+4,05-0,3.2=203,45\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,225\right).98}{203,45}=3,61\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,075}{203,45}=12,61\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

LTL: \(0,1>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) => Fe dư

Theo pthh: \(n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> V_H2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)

b, Chất dư là Fe

m_{Fe (dư)} = (0,1 - 0,05).56 = 2,8 (g)

c, \(C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5M\)

Câu 2:

Gọi khối lượng của ddNaCl 2% và 10% lần lượt là m₁ và m₂

\(m_{NaCl\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{100}m_1;m_{NaCl\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{10}{100}m_2\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{2}{100}m_1+\dfrac{10}{100}m_2=0,02m_1+0,1m_2\)   (1)

\(m_{ddNaCl\left(3\right)}=m_1+m_2\)

Ta có: \(m_{NaCl\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{8.\left(m_1+m_2\right)}{100}=0,08\left(m_1+m_2\right)\)    (2)

Từ (1)(2)

\(\Rightarrow0,02m_1+0,1m_2=0,08m_1+0,08m_2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,02m_2=0,06m_1\Rightarrow\dfrac{m_1}{m_2}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,06}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Câu 1:

\(n_{KOH}=2,4.160=384\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{ddKOH2M}=\dfrac{384}{2}=192\left(l\right)\)

⇒ V_{nước thêm vào} = 192-160 = 32 (l)

Câu 5:

\(Đặt:V_{H_2O}=a\left(l\right)\left(a>0\right)\\ n_{KOH}=160.2,4=384\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:C_{MddKOH\left(cuối\right)}=2\left(M\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{384}{160+a}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow a=32\left(lít\right)\)

Vậy cần thêm 32 lít H₂O

Câu 7:

\(m_{NaOH}=200.35\%=70\left(g\right)\)

Ta có:\(m_{ddNaOH\left(20\%\right)}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}.100}{20};m_{ddNaOH\left(40\%\right)}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}.100}{40}\)

  \(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH\left(20\%\right)}+_{ddNaOH\left(40\%\right)}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}.100}{20}+\dfrac{m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}.100}{40}\)

   \(\Leftrightarrow400=10m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}+5m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}+m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}=70\\10m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}+5m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}=400\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH\left(20\%\right)}=10\\m_{NaOH\left(40\%\right)}=60\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH\left(20\%\right)}=\dfrac{10.100}{20}=50\left(g\right);m_{ddNaOH\left(40\%\right)}=\dfrac{60.100}{40}=150\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

\(0.2..........0.4.........0.2\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.4}{0.1}=4\left(M\right)\)

\(m_{CaCl_2}=0.2\cdot111=22.2\left(g\right)\)