a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)

mO2 = 31,03% . 27,84 = 8,64 (g)

nO2 = 0,135 (mol)

nH2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol)

PTHH: 

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (1)

2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (2)

Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2 (3)

Theo PTHH (1): nH2O = nH2SO4 = nO = 0,135 (mol)

Theo PTHH (2)(3): nH2 = nH2SO4 = 0,1 (mol)

mH2SO4 = (0,1 + 0,135) . 98 = 5,264 (g)

mH2O = 0,135 . 18 = 2,43 (g)

mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:

mAl + mMg + mAl2O3 + mH2SO4 = m(muối) + mH2 + mH2O

=> m(muối) = 27,84 + 5,264 - 0,2 - 2,43 = 30,474 (g)

Theo gt ta có: $n_{Zn}=0,06(mol)$

$Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2$

a, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,12(mol)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=30(g)$

b, Ta có: $n_{H_2}=0,06(mol)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=1,344(l)$

a)

n Zn = 3,9.65 = 0,06(mol)

Zn + 2HCl $\to$ ZnCl2 + H2

Theo PTHH :

n HCl = 2n Zn =0,12(mol)

=> mdd HCl = 0,12.36,5/14,6% = 30(gam)

n H2 = n Zn = 0,06(mol)
V H2 = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 lít

nZn=0,06(mol)nZn=0,06(mol)

a, Ta có: nHCl=0,12(mol)⇒mddHCl=30(g)nHCl=0,12(mol)⇒mddHCl=30(g)

b, Ta có: nH2=0,06(mol)⇒VH2=1,344(l)

nZn = 13/65 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

nH2 = 0,2 (mol)

VH2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) 
           0,1     0,2         0,1           0,1 
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.36,5\right).100}{24,5}=29,795\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,6+29,795-\left(0,1.2\right)=35,195\left(g\right)\\ C\%=\dfrac{0,1.127}{35,195}.100\%=36\%\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

_____0,1_____0,2___________0,1 (mol)

a, \(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)

b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(M\right)\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,8\\24a+56b=25,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,6\cdot24=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{14,4}{25,6}\cdot100\%=56,25\%\\\%m_{Fe}=43,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=1,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)=800ml\)

c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

                 \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot90=18\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\cdot58=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow m_{kếttủa}=18+34,8=52,8\left(g\right)\)