Lời giải:

$A=(x-y)+\frac{4}{x-y}+y+\frac{1}{y}$

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

$(x-y)+\frac{4}{x-y}\geq 2\sqrt{(x-y).\frac{4}{x-y}}=4$
$y+\frac{1}{y}\geq 2$

$\Rightarrow A\geq 4+2=6$

Vậy $A_{\min}=6$ khi $(x,y)=(3,1)$

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}=t^2-2\)

\(\dfrac{x^4}{y^4}+\dfrac{y^4}{x^4}=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)^2-2=\left(t^2-2\right)^2-2=t^4-4t^2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=f\left(t\right)=t^4-4t^2+2-\left(t^2-2\right)+t\)

\(f\left(t\right)=t^4-5t^2+t+4\)

Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=t^4-5t^2+t+4\) trên \((-\infty;-2]\cup[2;+\infty)\)

\(f'\left(t\right)=g\left(t\right)=4t^3-10t+1\)

\(g\left(t\right)\) bậc 3 nên có tối đa 3 nghiệm

\(g\left(-2\right)=-11\) ; \(g\left(0\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow g\left(-2\right).g\left(0\right)< 0\Rightarrow g\left(t\right)=0\) có nghiệm \(t_1\in\left(-2;0\right)\)

\(g\left(1\right)=-5< 0\Rightarrow g\left(0\right).g\left(1\right)< 0\Rightarrow g\left(t\right)\) có nghiệm \(t_2\in\left(0;1\right)\)

\(g\left(2\right)=13\Rightarrow g\left(1\right).g\left(2\right)< 0\Rightarrow g\left(t\right)\) có nghiệm \(t_3\in\left(1;2\right)\)

Dấu \(f'\left(t\right)\):

Từ đây ta thấy \(f\left(t\right)\) nghịch biến trên \((-\infty;-2]\) và đồng biến trên \([2;+\infty)\)

Hay GTNN của \(f\left(t\right)\) sẽ rơi vào \(t=-2\) hoặc \(t=2\)

\(f\left(-2\right)=-2\) ; \(f\left(2\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)_{min}=-2\) khi \(t=-2\) hay \(P_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-y\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+z-4}=a>0\\\sqrt{z+x-4}=b>0\\\sqrt{x+y-4}=c>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2+4}{2}\\y=\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2+4}{2}\\z=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+4}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\).

\(2P=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2+4}{a}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2+4}{b}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+4}{c}=\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}-a-b-c\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{c}+c\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^2}{a}+a\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\).

Tương tự, \(\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2}{c}\ge a+b+c\).

Do đó \(2P\ge a+b+c+\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}=\left(a+\dfrac{4}{a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{4}{b}\right)+\left(c+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)\ge4+4+4=12\Rightarrow P\ge6\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 2 hay x = y = z = 4.

Vậy Min P = 6 khi x = y = z = 4.

\(P=\dfrac{4x}{2.2.\sqrt{y+z-4}}+\dfrac{4y}{2.2.\sqrt{x+z-4}}+\dfrac{4z}{2.2.\sqrt{x+y-4}}\)

\(P\ge4\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)\ge4.\dfrac{3}{2}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)

Ta có \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^4}{8}\). Áp dụng cho biểu thức A, suy ra \(A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Ta tìm GTNN của \(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\). Ta có 

\(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+2\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{16x^2}}+2\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{16y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}\right)+2\)

    \(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4^2}{2}\right)+2\) \(=\dfrac{21}{2}\). Do đó \(P\ge\dfrac{21}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Vậy GTNN của A là \(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\), ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Gợi ý: \(\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)

Giúp mình với 

Áp dụng BĐT cosi:

\(A=\left(3x+\dfrac{3}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4}{9}y+\dfrac{4}{y}\right)+\left(2x+y\right)\\ A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9x}{x}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{16y}{9y}}+5\\ A\ge2\cdot3+2\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}+5=\dfrac{41}{3}\)

Vậy \(A_{min}=\dfrac{41}{3}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=\dfrac{3}{x}\\\dfrac{4y}{9}=\dfrac{4}{y}\\2x+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)