\(\frac{x+y}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{5}{19}\Leftrightarrow19\left(x+y\right)=5\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\) (*)

từ pt (*) ta thấy \(19\left(x+y\right)⋮5\) mà (19,5)=1 \(\Rightarrow x+y⋮5\Rightarrow x+y=5k\left(k\in Z\right)\)

Thay x+y=5k vào (*) ta được: \(x^2+xy+y^2=19k\) (1)

Lại có: \(x+y=5k\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=25k^2\) (2)

Lấy (2) - (1) ta có: \(xy=25k^2-19k\)

Xét \(\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow25k^2-4\left(25k^2-19k\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow75k^2-76k\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0\le k\le\frac{76}{75}\Rightarrow k\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)

-Nếu k=0 thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\xy=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=0\end{cases}}}\)

-Nếu k=1 thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=5\\xy=6\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;3\right);\left(3;2\right)}\)

\(\frac{x-2}{27}+\frac{x-3}{26}+\frac{x-4}{25}+\frac{x-5}{24}+\frac{x-44}{5}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-2}{27}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{26}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-4}{25}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-5}{24}-1\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{x-44}{5}+3\right)=1-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-29}{27}+\frac{x-29}{26}+\frac{x-29}{25}+\frac{x-29}{24}\)\(+\frac{x-29}{5}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-29\right)\left(\frac{1}{27}+\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{5}\right)=0\)

Mà \(\frac{1}{27}+\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{5}\ne0\)

=> x - 29 = 0

=> x = 29.

4:

(x+1)(y-2)=5

=>\(\left(x+1;y-2\right)\in\left\{\left(1;5\right);\left(5;1\right);\left(-1;-5\right);\left(-5;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;7\right);\left(4;3\right);\left(-2;-3\right);\left(-6;1\right)\right\}\)

1/ Ta có \(\frac{1}{3}< \frac{9}{x}< \frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{27}< \frac{9}{x}< \frac{9}{18}\)

\(\Rightarrow27>x>18\)

Vì \(x\in Z\Rightarrow x\in\left\{19,20,...,26\right\}\)

Vậy....