a,

\(\cos^3x-\sin^3x=\cos x+\sin x\\ < =>\cos^3x-\cos x=\sin^3x-\sin x\\ < =>\cos x\left(\cos^2x-1\right)=\sin x\left(\sin^2x-1\right)\\ < =>\cos x.\left(-\sin^2x\right)=\sin x.\left(-\cos^2x\right)\\ < =>\dfrac{1}{cosx}=\dfrac{1}{sinx}\)

b,

\(2sinx+2\sqrt{3}cosx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{cosx}+\dfrac{1}{sinx}\\ < =>2sinx-\dfrac{1}{sinx}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{cosx}-2\sqrt{3}cosx\\ < =>\dfrac{2sin^2x-1}{sinx}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}.cosx.\left(1-2cos^2x\right)}{cosx}\\ < =>\dfrac{cos2x}{sinx}=\sqrt{3}.cos2x\\ < =>\dfrac{1}{sinx}=\sqrt{3}\)

a, (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinx . cosx) = (cosx - sinx)(cosx + sinx)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\\cosx-sinx=1-sinx.cosx\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\\cosx+sinx.cosx-1-sinx=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\\\left(cosx-1\right)\left(sinx+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\\cosx=1\\sinx=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinx . cosx) = 2sin2x + sinx + cosx

⇔ (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinx.cosx - 1) = 2sin2x

⇔ (sinx + cosx).(- sinx . cosx) = 2sin2x

⇔ 4sin2x + (sinx + cosx) . sin2x = 0

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin2x=0\\\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ sin2x = 0

c, 2cos³x = sin3x

⇔ 2cos³x = 3sinx - 4sin³x

⇔ 4sin³x + 2cos³x - 3sinx(sin²x + cos²x) = 0

⇔ sin³x + 2cos³x - 3sinx.cos²x = 0

Xét cosx = 0 : thay vào phương trình ta được sinx = 0. Không có cung x nào có cả cos và sin = 0 nên cosx = 0 không thỏa mãn phương trình

Xét cosx ≠ 0 chia cả 2 vế cho cos³x ta được : 

tan³x + 2 - 3tanx = 0

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}tanx=1\\tanx=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

d, cos²x - \(\sqrt{3}sin2x\) = 1 + sin²x

⇔ cos²x - sin²x - \(\sqrt{3}sin2x\) = 1

⇔ cos2x - \(\sqrt{3}sin2x\) = 1

⇔ \(2cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=1\)

⇔ \(cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}=cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)

e, cos³x + sin³x = 2cos⁵x + 2sin⁵x

⇔ cos³x (1 - 2cos²x) + sin³x (1 - 2sin²x) = 0

⇔ cos³x . (- cos2x) + sin³x . cos2x = 0

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin^3x=cos^3x\\cos2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=cosx\\cos2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\\cos2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(sin^3x+cos^3x-sinx-cosx=cos2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(sin^2x-sinx.cosx+cos^2x\right)-\left(sinx+cosx\right)-\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)\)\(=0\)

​​\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(1-sinx.cosx\right)-\left(sinx+cosx\right)-\left(cosx+sinx\right)\left(cosx-sinx\right)=0\)​​

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(sinx-cosx-sinx.cosx\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\left(1\right)\\sinx-cosx-sinx.cosx=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: (1)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}.sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)

TH2: Đặt \(t=sinx-cosx\) ;\(t\in\left(-2;2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=-sinx.cosx\)

Pt (2)\(\Rightarrow t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1+\sqrt{2}\left(tm\right)\\t=-1-\sqrt{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow sinx-cosx=-1+\sqrt{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-\sqrt{2}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+arc.cos\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{2}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{-\pi}{4}-arc.cos\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{2}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(k\in\)\(Z\))

Vậy...

1.

\(sin^3x+cos^3x=1-\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(sin^2x+cos^2x-sinx.cosx\right)=1-sinx.cosx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(1-sinx.cosx\right)=1-sinx.cosx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-sinx.cosx\right)\left(sinx+cosx-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx.cosx=1\\sinx+cosx=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin2x=2\left(vn\right)\\\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

2.

\(\left|cosx-sinx\right|+2sin2x=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|cosx-sinx\right|-1+2sin2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|cosx-sinx\right|-\left(cosx-sinx\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|cosx-sinx\right|\left(1-\left|cosx-sinx\right|\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\\\left|cosx-sinx\right|=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=k\pi\\cos^2x+sin^2x-2sinx.cosx=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\1-sin2x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\sin2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3.

\(2sin2x-3\sqrt{6}\left|sinx+cosx\right|+8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(sinx+cosx\right)^2-3\sqrt{6}\left|sinx+cosx\right|+6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left|sinx+cosx\right|=\sqrt{6}\left(vn\right)\\\left|sinx+cosx\right|=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\right|=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\pm\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

...

Lời giải:
PT $\Leftrightarrow (\sin x+\cos x)(\sin ^2x-\sin x\cos x+\cos ^2x)-(\sin x+\cos x)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (\sin x+\cos x)(\sin ^2x-\sin x\cos x+\cos ^2x-1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow -\sin x\cos x(\sin x+\cos x)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow \sin x=0$ hoặc $\cos x=0$ hoặc $\sin x+\cos x=0$

Với $\sin x=0$ thì $x=k\pi$ với $k$ nguyên 

Với $\cos x=0$ thì $x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi$ với $k$ nguyên 

Với $\sin x+\cos x=0$

$\Rightarrow (\sin x, \cos x)=(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}})$ và hoán vị

$\Rightarrow x=\frac{-\pi}{4}+k\pi$ với $k$ nguyên.