a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Al là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,135\\56b+27b=4,14\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,045\\b=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,045\cdot56=2,52\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=1,62\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{4,14}\cdot100\%\approx60,87\%\\\%m_{Al}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,045mol\\n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,06mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,03mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225\cdot160=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,03\cdot102=3,06\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{chấtrắn}=3,06+3,6=6,66\left(g\right)\)