\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.500.1,12}{98}=1,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ MgO+H_2SO_4 \rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\\ CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\\ TH1:axit.hết\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{18-0,1.10}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)< 1,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow LoạiTH1\\ TH2:axit.dư\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+100b=18\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{18}.100\approx44,444\%\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}\approx55,556\%\)
\(b,m_{ddB}=m_A+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{CO_2}=18+500.1,12-0,1.44=573,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=1,12-0,3=0,82\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,82.98}{573,6}.100\approx14,01\%\\ C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{573,6}.100\approx1,935\%\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{573,6}.100\approx3,312\%\)