`#3107.101107`

Đặt $A = 1 + 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{50}$

$2A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{51}$

$2A - A = (2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{51}) - (1 + 2 + 2^2 + ... + 2^{50})$

$A = 2 + 2^2 + 2^3 + ... + 2^{51] - 1 - 2 - 2^2 - ... - 2^{50}$

$A = 2^{51} - 1$

Vậy, `A =` $2^{51} - 1.$

a,     A = 1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰⁰⁰

    3.A =  3 + 3² + 3³+ 3³+... + 3²⁰⁰¹

    3A - A = 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰⁰¹ - (1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰⁰⁰)

     2A    = 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰⁰¹ -  1 - 3 - 3² - 3³ - ... - 3²⁰⁰⁰

     2A   = 3²⁰⁰¹ - 1 

       A   = \(\dfrac{3^{2001}-1}{2}\)

có phép trừ ko

nếu ko có thì tổng đó lớn hơn 251

rõ ràng mà

a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{50}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+...+2^{51}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2A-A=2+2^2+...+2^{51}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{50}=2^{51}-1\)

b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow3B=3+3^2+...+3^{101}\)

\(\Rightarrow2B=3B-B=3+3^2+...+3^{101}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{100}=3^{101}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3^{101}-1}{2}\)

c) \(C=5+5^2+...+5^{30}\)

\(\Rightarrow5C=5^2+5^3+...+5^{31}\)

\(\Rightarrow4C=5C-C=5^2+5^3+...+5^{31}-5-5^2-...-5^{30}=5^{31}-5\)

\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{5^{31}-5}{4}\)

d) \(D=2^{100}-2^{99}+2^{98}-...+2^2-2\)

\(\Rightarrow2D=2^{101}-2^{100}+2^{99}-...+2^3-2^2\)

\(\Rightarrow3D=2D+D=2^{101}-2^{100}+2^{99}-...+2^3-2^2+2^{100}-2^{99}+...+2^2-2=2^{101}-2\)

\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\)

1990.1990 -1992.1988

a)=-374                   b)=-5250

c)=-2323                  d)=-3069