Câu 3:

a) 

CTPT xủa X là C_nH_2n+2O

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{C_nH_{2n+2}O}=\dfrac{0,4}{n}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4}{n}.\left(2n+2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{0,4}{n}\left(n+1\right)\left(mol\right)\)

Mà \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{9}{18}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

=> n = 4

=> CTPT: C₄H₁₀O

b) \(n_{C_4H_{10}O}=\dfrac{0,4}{4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> m = 0,1.74 = 7,4 (g)

c)

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-C\left(CH_3\right)\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(4) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)

(5) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\)

(6) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\)

(7) \(CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\)

d)

X là \(CH_3-C\left(CH_3\right)\left(OH\right)-CH_3\) (2-metylpropan-2-ol)

1) \(A=\dfrac{x+2+x-\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}-1}{x\sqrt{x}-1}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{5}\)

        \(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) \(=\dfrac{5}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

2) Ta thấy \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)+1>1\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 5\)

1/ \(n_S=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2;n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14.70\%}{98}=0,1\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố S : \(n_S=n_{H_2SO_4\left(lt\right)}=0,2\)

Mà thực tế chỉ thu được 0,1

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}.100=50\%\)

2/ \(n_{N_2}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{NH_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(N_2+3H_2\rightarrow2NH_3\)

Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Sau phản ứng N2 dư, tính theo số mol H2

=> n NH3(lt)= \(\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Mà thực tế chỉ thu được 0,15 mol 

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100=75\%\)

`c)-x^2+7x-2=-(x^2-7x)-2`

`=-(x^2-7x+49/4-49/4)-2`

`=-(x-7/2)^2+49/4-2`

`=-(x-7/2)^2+41/4<=41/4`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=7/2`

`d)-4x^2+8x-9=-(4x^2-8x)-9`

`=-(4x^2-8x+4-4)-9`

`=-(2x-2)^2-5<=-5`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=1`

`e)-3x^2+5x+10`

`=-3(x^2-5/3x)+10`

`=-3(x^2-5/3x+25/36-25/36)+10`

`=-3(x-5/6)^2+25/12+10`

`=-3(x-5/6)^2+145/12<=145/12`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi`x=5/6`

b. -x²-2x+15

= -(x-1)²+14

= 14-(x-1)²

Do (x-1)² ≥0∀x nên 14-(x-1)²≤ 14

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=1

Vậy max=14 khi x=1