\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng t/c của dãy số bằng nhau, ta có: \(\dfrac{x-y+z}{10-20+12}=\dfrac{4}{2}=2\)

\(\dfrac{x}{10}=2\Rightarrow x=20\)

\(\dfrac{y}{20}=2\Rightarrow y=40\)

\(\dfrac{z}{12}=2\Rightarrow z=24\)

x/10=y/20=z/12

x-y+z/=10-20+12=4/2=2

x=2.10=20

y=2.20=40

z=2.12=24

a: =2/5-3/5+3/7=3/7-1/5

=15/35-7/35

=8/35

b: =>5/7:x=4/3

=>x=5/7:4/3=5/7*3/4=15/28

c: =>x-1/3=15/8:4/5=15/8*5/4=75/32

=>x=75/32+1/3=257/96

d: =>2x+1/8=2/7

=>2x=9/56

=>x=9/112

e: =>2x=10/3-5/4-3/4=10/3-2=4/3

=>x=2/3

\(a,\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{7}+\left(-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\\ =\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{7}-\dfrac{3}{5}\\=\left(\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)+\dfrac{3}{7}\\ =-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{3}{7}\\ =-\dfrac{7}{35}+\dfrac{15}{35}\\ =\dfrac{8}{35}\\ b,1-\dfrac{5}{7}:x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\ =>\dfrac{5}{7}:x=1-\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\\ =>\dfrac{5}{7}:x=1+\dfrac{1}{3}\\ =>\dfrac{5}{7}:x=\dfrac{3}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\\ =>\dfrac{5}{7}:x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ =>x=\dfrac{5}{7}:\dfrac{4}{3}\\ =>x=\dfrac{5}{7}.\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =>x=\dfrac{15}{28}\\ c,\dfrac{4}{5}\left(x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{15}{8}\\ =>x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{15}{8}:\dfrac{4}{5}\\ =>x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{15}{8}.\dfrac{5}{4}\\ =>x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{75}{32}\\ =>x=\dfrac{75}{32}+\dfrac{1}{3}\\ =>x=\dfrac{257}{96}\)

\(d,\dfrac{2}{3}:\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)=\dfrac{7}{3}\\ =>2x+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{2}{3}:\dfrac{7}{3}\\ =>2x+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{7}\\ =>2x+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{2}{7}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{1}{8}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{16}{56}-\dfrac{7}{56}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{9}{56}\\ =>x=\dfrac{9}{56}:2\\ =>x=\dfrac{9}{112}\\ e,2x+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{10}{3}-\dfrac{5}{4}\\ =>e,2x+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{40}{12}-\dfrac{15}{12}\\ =>2x+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{25}{12}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{25}{12}-\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{25}{12}-\dfrac{9}{12}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{16}{12}\\ =>2x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ =>x=\dfrac{4}{3}:2\\ =>x=\dfrac{4}{6}\\ =>x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

b: =>x/23=1+3/4+4/7=65/28

=>x=23*65/28=1495/28

c: =>3/5:x=3/5-1/4-1/2=9/40

=>x=3/5:9/40=8/3

\(\dfrac{x-7}{y-6}=\dfrac{7}{6}\\ \Leftrightarrow6x-42=7y-42\\ \Leftrightarrow6x=7y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{7}=\dfrac{y}{6}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{7}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{x-y}{7-6}=\dfrac{-4}{1}=-4\\ \dfrac{x}{7}=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-28\\ \dfrac{y}{6}=-4\Leftrightarrow y=-24\)

\(-x-2=\dfrac{-5}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-2+\dfrac{5}{4}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

-x -  2  =  \(\dfrac{-5}{4}\)  ⇔  x  =  \(\dfrac{-3}{4}\)

Ta có: \(-x-2=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+2=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

hay \(x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)