Bài 1

a, cm : A = 16⁵ + 2¹⁵ ⋮ 3

    A = 16⁵ + 2¹⁵

   A = (2⁴)⁵ +  2¹⁵

  A  = 2²⁰ + 2¹⁵

 A  =  2¹⁵.(2⁵ + 1)

 A = 2¹⁵. 33 ⋮ 3 (đpcm)

b,cm : B = 8⁸ + 2²⁰ ⋮ 17

    B = (2³)⁸ + 2²⁰ 

    B =  2¹⁶ + 2²⁰

    B = 2¹⁶.(1 + 2⁴)

    B = 2¹⁶. 17 ⋮ 17 (đpcm)

c, cm: C = 1 - 2 + 2² - 2³ + 2⁴ - 2⁵ + 2⁶ -...-2²⁰²¹ + 2²⁰²² : 6 dư 1

C=1+(-2+2²-2³+2⁴- 2⁵+2⁶)+...+(-2²⁰¹⁷+2²⁰¹⁸-2²⁰¹⁹+2²⁰²⁰-2²⁰²¹+2²⁰²²)

C = 1 + 42 +...+ 2²⁰¹⁶.(-2 + 2² - 2³ + 2⁴ - 2⁵ + 2⁶)

C = 1 + 42+...+ 2²⁰¹⁶.42

C = 1 + 42.(2⁰+...+2²⁰¹⁶)

42 ⋮ 6 ⇒ C = 1 + 42.(2⁰+...+2²⁰¹⁶) : 6 dư 1 đpcm

a, \(\overline{aaa}\) \(⋮\) 37

    \(\overline{aaa}\) = a x 111 = a x 3 x 37 ⋮ 37 (đpcm)

b, (\(\overline{ab}\) + \(\overline{ba}\)) ⋮ 11

  \(\overline{ab}\) + \(\overline{ba}\) = \(\overline{a0}\) + b + \(\overline{b0}\) + a = \(\overline{aa}\) + \(\overline{bb}\) = a x 11 + b x 11 = 11 x (a+b)⋮11

\(A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2020}+2^{2021}+2^{2022}\\=(2+2^2)+(2^3+2^4)+(2^5+2^6)+...+(2^{2021}+2^{2022})\\=2\cdot(1+2)+2^3\cdot(1+2)+2^5\cdot(1+2)+...+2^{2021}\cdot(1+2)\\=2\cdot3+2^3\cdot3+2^5\cdot3+...+2^{2021}\cdot3\\=3\cdot(2+2^3+2^5+..+2^{2021})\)

Vì \(3\cdot\left(2+2^3+2^5+...+2^{2021}\right)⋮3\)

nên \(A⋮3\).

\(Toru\)

A=(2+2²)+2²(2+2²)+...+2²⁰²⁰(2+2²)

A= 6.1+2².6+...+2²⁰²⁰.6

A=6(1+2²+...+2²⁰²⁰) chia hết cho 3

vậy A chia hết cho 3

A=(2+2²)+(2³+2⁴)+(2⁵+2⁶)+.......+(2²⁰¹⁹+2²⁰²⁰)+(2²⁰²¹+2²⁰²²)

A=2.(1+2)+2³.(1+2)+2⁵.(1+2)+.......+2²⁰¹⁹.(1+2)+2²⁰²¹.(1+2)

A=2.3+2³.3+2⁵.3+.......+2²⁰¹⁹.3+2²⁰²¹.3

A=3.(2+2³+2⁵+........+2²⁰¹⁹+2²⁰²¹)

Vì 3⋮3⇒A⋮3

\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2020}+2^{2021}\\ \Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2021}+2^{2022}\\ \Rightarrow2A-A=A=2^{2022}-1\)

Vậy \(A\) và \(B\) là 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp.

xam xi

\(A=2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)+2^4\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)...+2^{2014}\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2.7+2^4.7...+2^{2014}.7\)

\(\Rightarrow A=7\left(2+2^4...+2^{2014}\right)⋮7\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

2²⁰²² = (2⁴)⁵⁰⁵.2² = \(\overline{...6}\)⁵⁰⁵. 4 = \(\overline{...4}\) =  \(\overline{...0}\) + 4 ⇒ 2²⁰²² : 5 dư 4 

Ta có: `2^2022 = (2^4)^505 . 2^2`.

`= 16^505 . 4 equiv 1^505 . 4 equiv 1 . 4 equiv 4 (mod 5)`.