Đề: Cho  \(a+b+c=1\) và  \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)  .  Chứng minh:  \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)

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Từ   \(a+b+c=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)  \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=1\)  \(\left(1\right)\)

Mặt khác, ta lại có:   \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)  \(\Leftrightarrow\)  \(ab+bc+ca=0\)  \(\left(2\right)\)

Từ  \(\left(1\right)\)  và  \(\left(2\right)\), suy ra  \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)   \(\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2.0=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)

Ta biến đổi 1 tí nhé

\(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)

Tới đây dễ dàng áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a+b}\le\frac{3}{4}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{3}{4}.\frac{1}{b}\left(1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{c}\left(2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{c}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế của (1), (2), (3) suy ra 

\(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{a}+\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{b}+\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow Dpcm\)