Gọi M là trung điểm AB

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_M=\frac{x_A+x_B}{2}=\frac{1+0}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\\y_M=\frac{y_A+y_B}{2}=\frac{0-2}{2}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow M\left(\frac{1}{2};-1\right)\)

Gọi I là TĐ AB
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\frac{x_A+x_B}{2}\\y_I=\frac{y_A+y_B}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\frac{1+0}{2}\\y_I=\frac{0-2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I\left(\frac{1}{2};-1\right)\)

a.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\dfrac{x_A+x_B}{2}=\dfrac{2-4}{2}=-1\\y_I=\dfrac{y_A+y_B}{2}=\dfrac{1+5}{2}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I\left(-1;3\right)\)

b.

Do C thuộc trục hoành, gọi tọa độ C có dạng \(C\left(c;0\right)\)

Do D thuộc trục tung, gọi tọa độ D có dạng \(D\left(0;d\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(c-2;-1\right)\\\overrightarrow{DB}=\left(-4;5-d\right)\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{DB}=\left(-8;10-2d\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Để \(\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{DB}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c-2=-8\\-1=10-2d\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=-6\\d=\dfrac{11}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(C\left(-6;0\right)\) và \(D\left(0;\dfrac{11}{2}\right)\)

Lời giải:

$I$ là trung điểm $AB$ nên:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{x_A+x_B}{2}=x_I\\ \frac{y_A+y_B}{2}=y_I\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_B=2x_I-x_A\\ y_B=2y_I-y_A\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_B=2.0-1=-1\\ y_B=2(-2)-0=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy $B(-1,-4)$

1.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\dfrac{x_A+x_B}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y_I=\dfrac{y_A+y_B}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow I\left(-\dfrac{3}{2};1\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_G=\dfrac{x_A+x_B+x_C}{3}=0\\y_G=\dfrac{y_A+y_B+y_C}{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow G\left(0;0\right)\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CI}=\left(-\dfrac{9}{2};3\right)\\\overrightarrow{AG}=\left(-2;-3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CI=\sqrt{\left(-\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2+3^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\\AG=\sqrt{\left(-2\right)^2+\left(-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3.

Gọi \(D\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-7;-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{DC}=\left(3-x;-2-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(ABCD\) là hbh \(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{DC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-7=3-x\\-4=-2-y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow D\left(10;2\right)\)

4. Gọi \(H\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CH}=\left(x-3;y+2\right)\\\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-2;y-3\right)\\\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(8;-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

H là trực tâm \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AH\perp BC\\CH\perp AB\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BC}=0\\\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{AB}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left(x-2\right)-1\left(y-3\right)=0\\-7\left(x-3\right)-4\left(y+2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-y=13\\-7x-4y=-13\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow H\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

x I = 2 + 4 2 = 3 y I = − 3 + 7 2 = 2 ⇒ I 3 ; 2 .

Đáp án C