PTHH: \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Na_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow2NaOH+BaSO_4\downarrow\) (2)
\(2NaOH+MgCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\) (3)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\) (4)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{60\cdot14,25\%}{208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{30\cdot19\%}{95}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) PT (2) p/ứ hết; PT (3) có MgCl2 dư 0,01 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{rắn}=m_{MgO}+m_{BaSO_4}=0,05\cdot\left(40+233\right)=13,65\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,1\cdot58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{4,9\%}=100\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot58=2,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}+m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddMgCl_2}-m_{BaSO_4}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=177,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx3,29\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,01\cdot95}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx0,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)