Transportation planning is a fundamental element of a comprehensive strategy for minimizing road surface emissions. Include the following:
- Land use and transportation planning,
- Manage travel needs,
- Management of transportation systems and support regulations,
- Appropriate policies on resource mobilization, taxation, pricing, subsidies, legal and institutional factors, promotion and awareness raising.
The principal principles in transport planning are:
- The transport planning must be integrated with the comprehensive development planning to ensure sustainable development.
- All plans and projects must be prepared on the basis of opinions at various levels, including users of the transportation system and stakeholders. These plans and projects will benefit the poor or harm them. Projects that want to be feasible must come from politicians to the public.
Model of urban transport development
- Limiting the growth of motorcycles, personal cars (in Vietnam's current condition).
- Limiting the development of pedicabs, lambros
- Complete the bus network, this type of public vehicles should be prioritized development number one in the urban Vietnam.
- Rough rickshaw (bicycles) out of the motor vehicle
- The pedestrian walkway must be maintained.
- There is a program to restrict traffic flow.
- Camera mount
- Complete the traffic rules and regulations
- traffic safety education.
- Solutions for the development policy of public passenger transport in urban centers.

Phần lựa chọn 1 là ko phải đâu nha các bạn

Environmental pollution is the status of environmental contamination by chemical, biological ... affect human health, other living organisms.Environmental pollution is caused by humans and human management. 
The main types of pollution : 
- Air pollution : Smoke and dust discharge chemicals into the atmosphere. Examples of toxic gases as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, cloroflorocacbon substances (CFCs) and nitrous oxide are of industrial waste and vehicle 
- Water pollution occurs when surface water flows through the domestic waste, industrial waste water, pollutants in the ground, and groundwater seepage. 
- Soil pollution occurs when soil contaminated with toxic chemicals (concentrations exceed normal limits) by the activities of man as active mining, industrial production and use of chemical fertilizers Study or too much pesticide, ... or leaks from underground storage tanks. Most common types of soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides, and chlorinated hydrocarbons . 
- Radioactive Pollution , Noise pollution , Light Pollution ... 
Affect : 
+ For human health : Air pollution can kill many living organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammation of the throat, chest pain, breathlessness. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mainly by eating contaminated with untreated water. Chemicals and heavy metals contamination in food and drink can cause cancer. Oil spills can cause itching blisters. Noise pollution causes hearing loss, hypertension, depression, and insomnia., causing serious consequences . 
+ For ecosystem : 
- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain can reduce soil pH. 
- Contaminated land may become barren, not suitable for crops. This will affect other living organisms in food webs. 
- Smoke and fog reduce sunlight that plants receive to make the process of photosynthesis. 
- Invasive species that can compete and occupied habitat for endangered native species, thus reducing biodiversity. 
CO2 generated from the factories and passing vehicles also increases the greenhouse effect. Earth on a heating up. Gradually destroying the natural resort where it is available. 
Solutions to limit environmental pollution :. 
- Combat desertification and silver color. 
- Natural water treatment contaminated ... 
- Purify air ... 

Bình chọn ko có câu nào đúng cả

Environmental pollution has become a controversial issue that puts severe pressure on our rhythm of life. The pollution on Earth has reached such an alarming level that immediate involvement from governments and individuals collaboration now are of great importance. First and foremost, industrial activities are considered to be the main cause for air pollution. Along with the global industrialization, the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles and factories are contaminating the air by their emission of harmful fumes. In the second place, pervasive deforestation for land use, overuse of fertilizers and the dumping pollutants such as plas or non- biodegradable packing in the ground has affected the ecosystem and led to soil pollution. This puts bad long- term effects on vegetation and soil fertility. Serious attempt to relieve the effects of pollution and preserve the environment need to be made as soon as possible. Governments can monitor the exhaust purification process of large factories so that they can prevent dangerous exhaust from the environment. Moreover, stricter regulations and laws against forests exploitation can help preserve pristine environment. Individuals should be responsible and raise awareness for the protection of environment. In conclusion, pollution has increasingly become a threat to the globe, directly affects our life and for the sake of environment and all citizens around the world, we should work hand in hand to protect our friendly house- the earth.

bạn đọc sai đề r á

Ô nhiễm môi trường đã và đang trở thành vấn đề gây tranh cãi và nó đã gây ra nhiều khó khăn áp lực lên cuộc sống của chúng ta. Tình trạng ô nhiễm môi trường trên trái đất đã chạm đến mức báo động vì vậy hiện tại những giải pháp cấp thiết từ chính phủ cũng như sự hợp tác của mỗi cá nhân là vô cùng quan trọng. Điều đầu tiên nói đến, những hoạt động công nghiệp được coi là nguyên nhân chính cho việc ô nhiễm không khí. Cùng với sự nóng lên toàn cầu, sự đốt cháy những nhiên liệu hoá thạch, các phương tiện xe cộ và các nhà máy đang làm ô nhiễm không khí bằng sự thải ra những khí độc hại. Điều thứ hai, sự phá rừng bừa bãi cho việc sử dụng đất, lạm dụng phân bón và sự thải ra những chất gây ô nhiễm như túi bóng hoặc những túi không thể phân hủy xuống đất đã ảnh hưởng nhiều đến hệ sinh thái và dẫn đến sự ô nhiễm đất. Điều này đã để lại những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lâu dài lên hệ thực vật và sự phì nhiêu của đất. Những giải pháp cấp thiết để làm giảm tác hại của ô nhiễm môi trường và giữ gìn môi trường cần được đưa ra sớm nhất có thể. Chính phủ có thể quản lí quá trình xử lí các chất độc hại của các nhà máy lớn vì vậy họ có thể ngăn chặn những chất ô nhiễm ra ngoài môi trường. Hơn nữa, những quy định và luật lệ nghiêm khắc hơn đối với sự khai thác rừng có thể giúp bảo tồn môi trường tự nhiên. Các cá nhân cũng cần phải có trách nhiệm và nâng cao ý thức về việc bảo vệ môi trường. Kết lại, ô nhiễm môi trường đang nhanh chóng trở thành một mối nguy hiểm với toàn cầu, ảnh hưởng trực tiếp tới cuộc sống của chúng ta, và vì lợi ích của môi trường cũng như của công dân trên toàn thế giới, chúng ta cần chung tay bảo vệ ngôi nhà chung của chúng ta- trái đất.

KO SAI ĐÂU BN

The Earth is our home, but it seems that we do not do enough necessary things to protect it. People cut down the trees, kill thousands animals, and dig up the ground every day. All of our actions create only negative influences to the Earth, and I think we should do something to save it before it is too late. It is not hard for us to cut off products from animals. We do not need to use accessories which are made from animals’ skin and fur, and we should not use things that are made from toxic materials. The oceans now have more trash than living animals, and it is a terrible thing to imagine. We should reduce the amount of trash, especially plas and toxic waste. Instead, we can use recycled things such as cloths, metal, or wood in our daily life. Everyone can join by doing such small things, and I think it is not very difficult. Environment is everything around us and what we need to maintain our life, so our priority should be keeping it clean and healthy.

Dịch:
Trái đất là ngôi nhà của chúng ta, nhưng dường như chúng ta không làm đủ những điều cần thiết để bảo vệ nó. Người ta chặt cây, giết hàng ngàn động vật và xới tung mặt đất mỗi ngày. Tất cả các hành động của chúng ta chỉ tạo ra những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến Trái đất, và tôi nghĩ chúng ta nên làm gì đó để cứu nó trước khi quá muộn. Không khó để chúng ta cắt giảm những sản phẩm từ động vật. Chúng ta không cần sử dụng các loại phụ kiện được làm từ da và lông thú, và chúng ta không nên sử dụng những thứ được làm từ vật liệu độc hại. Các đại dương bây giờ có nhiều rác hơn động vật sống, và đó là một điều khủng khiếp để tưởng tượng. Chúng ta nên giảm lượng rác, đặc biệt là rác thải nhựa và độc hại. Thay vào đó, chúng ta có thể sử dụng những thứ có thể tái chế như vải, kim loại hoặc gỗ trong cuộc sống hàng ngày. Mọi người đều có thể tham gia bằng cách làm những việc nhỏ như vậy và tôi nghĩ nó không quá khó. Môi trường là tất cả mọi thứ xung quanh chúng ta và những gì chúng ta cần để duy trì cuộc sống, vì vậy ưu tiên của chúng ta là giữ cho nó sạch sẽ và lành mạnh.

Noise pollution is a noise in the environment that exceeds certain thresholds that cause discomfort to humans or animals. In most countries, noise sources are mainly from outdoor noise such as traffic, transportation, motor vehicles, aircraft and trains. school.

Unfavorable urban planning can generate noise pollution, as industrial and residential buildings can lead to noise pollution in residential areas. Records related to urban noise have been mentioned since ancient Rome

Outdoor noise can be caused by the operation of machinery, construction or musical performances, especially in some workplaces. Deafness can be caused outside (eg train) or inside (eg music).

High levels of noise can contribute to cardiovascular disease in people, such as coronary artery disease. In some animals, excessive noise can increase the risk of death by altering the carnivore, hindering the detection of prey, difficulty in reproduction, and possibly permanent hearing loss. telecommunications.

Noise can make resting almost impossible. This kind of noise is often called noise pollution. It is also called "community noise." It is noise that damages the balance of normal life for people and animals.

Most noise pollution is caused by transportation. Cars, trucks, trains, and airplanes can all be very loud. And in many cities around the world, people's homes are very close to these transportation systems. But even things like building tools and music can be noise pollution. Sometimes it can be difficult to find a quiet place.

Noise pollution is particularly a problem in developing countries. Growing cities and towns are not planned to reduce noise. Many homes and businesses are built next to busy roads. Traffic grows and with it the noise grows.

George Prochnik wrote a book about silence and noise in our world and culture. He said that noise can do more than just take our attention. Noise may harm our health. He says that noise can greatly affect our bodies. Most people know that loud noise can damage our ears. But noise can damage more than our ears. When a person experiences high levels of noise, his heart beats faster. His blood pressure gets higher. Noise can even change the balance of chemicals in a person's body.

Noise can also affect the way a person sleeps at night. A good night of sleep happens when a person is asleep for a long period of time. This is often called "deep sleep." But when there is too much noise at night, a person cannot get this deep sleep. Studies show that lack of sleep is connected to many different health problems. If a person is always tired, her body is not as strong. She is not able to fight sickness easily. She may also have a difficult time concentrating on work during the day.

Researchers in New York City studied the effects of noise on a school. The school was near noisy train tracks. Some of the rooms of the school faced the train tracks. Other rooms were far from the train. They were quieter. The researchers tested children over six years. The children on the noisy side of the school were not as good at reading as the children on the quiet side of the school. The school then built special walls near the tracks to make it quieter. After this, reading improved.

But noise does not just affect humans. Birds sing songs to communicate. But if it is too noisy, the birds cannot communicate. Cows feed less and produce less milk when it is noisy. Some studies even show that the growth of some plants can be affected by noise.

Louis Hagler is a doctor in California. He fights for quiet in cities. He believes that cities should treat noise like any other dangerous thing.

"We do not say to people 'you just have to learn to live with waste in your water.' Why should we have to live with waste in our ears?"

But for many people, the problem of noise is not about health. It is about peace. In many religions, quiet is connected to peace. People use times of quiet to communicate with God. They pray or read holy books. Noise can keep us from thinking about God. It may even be difficult to pray if too much noise surrounds us.

In some religions, holy men and women have special times of silence. Some of these people make a promise not to speak for a period of time. This can be very difficult. But these men and women see their silence as a way to control themselves and honor God.

These men and women use silence as a way to show respect. But this does not only happen in churches. All around the world people make their voices quiet to respect others. People are quiet in cemeteries, where people bury the dead. They are quiet in museums where people learn about art or history, and in libraries where people read books. People also use silence as a way to honor people who have died. Often, at special events orcelebrations, people will have a moment of silence. This is a short time when large groups of people quiet their voices to remember the dead. Quiet and silence is special. It is important.

But finding quiet places in a busy world can be difficult. Noise is all around, and sometimes you can not avoid it. But you can reduce noise in your life. The website Green Living Tips discusses the problem of noise on their blog. Here are some things they say to reduce noise in your life.

Keep your mobile telephone at a low volume.

If you have to raise your voice when you are talking to someone, something is wrong. Look for what is creating noise around you and what you can do to control it.

Train your pet dogs to not bark without reason.

Make an effort to reduce noise at night time when people are sleeping.

If you want to share your music with people who live near you, do not do it by playing music louder. Play music at a level that only you can hear, or only indoors.

If you live a life that creates a lot of noise, plant tall plants around your home. These plants will block some of the noise that you create.

Instead of driving a car or riding a motor bike, ride a bicycle instead. This will reduce noise on the roads. And finally, if you have children, take them to quiet areas and let them listen. Teach them to value quiet in their lives.

Escaping from the noise of life can give us energy. It can make a person calm. It can help bring balance to the body. Quiet can bring us closer to God and help us rest.