a) DKXD: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>0\\a\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
P=\(\left(\dfrac{a-1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2.\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4a}.\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1-\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-1}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{a-1}{4a}.\dfrac{-2.2\sqrt{a}}{1}\)
= \(\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}\)
b) P<0 với a ∈ DKXD
=> \(\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}< 0\)
mà √a > 0 với ∀a ∈ DKXD
=> 1-a < 0
<=> a>1 ( thoả mãn DKXD)
Vậy để P<0 thì a>1.
c) Để P = 2 với a ∈ DKXD
=> \(\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}=2\)
<=> 1-a = 2√a
<=> a + 2√a -1 = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=-1+\sqrt{2}\\\sqrt{a}=-1-\sqrt{2}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> a = \(\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}\)(thoả mãn DKXD)
Vậy để P =2 thì a = \(\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}\)
Sửa đề: \(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>0\\a\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a-1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\cdot\left(\dfrac{a-2\sqrt{a}+1-a-2\sqrt{a}-1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{4a}\cdot\dfrac{-4\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(a-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}\)
b) Để P<0 thì \(\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}< 0\)
mà \(\sqrt{a}>0\forall a\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
nên 1-a<0
hay a>1
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: a>1
Vậy: Để P<0 thì a>1
c) Để P=2 thì \(\dfrac{1-a}{\sqrt{a}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-a=2\sqrt{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{a}+a-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+2\sqrt{a}+1-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}+1=\sqrt{2}\\\sqrt{a}+1=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{2}-1\\\sqrt{a}=-\sqrt{2}-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(a=3-2\sqrt{2}\)(nhận)
Vậy: Để P=2 thì \(a=3-2\sqrt{2}\)