a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0;x\ne1\)
= \(\dfrac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]-1\)
= \(\dfrac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\dfrac{x+1-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)
= \(\dfrac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-1\)
= \(\dfrac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}-1=\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b/ Ta có:
\(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\)
= \(\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\sqrt{x}\)
= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Để Q nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\) ( vì 1\(\in Z\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ_{\left(3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-1=3\\\sqrt{x}-1=-3\\\sqrt{x}-1=1\\\sqrt{x}-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=4\\\sqrt{x}=-2\\\sqrt{x}=2\\\sqrt{x}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=16\left(tm\right)\\\\x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=0\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy để biểu thức \(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\) nhận giá trị nguyên thì x=\(\left\{16;4;0\right\}\)