Chắc là \(M=\dfrac{4x+1}{x^2+3}\) đúng không nhỉ?
\(M=\dfrac{-\left(x^2+3\right)+x^2+4x+4}{x^2+3}=-1+\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^2+3}\ge-1\)
\(M=\dfrac{12x+3}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(x^2+3\right)-4x^2+12x-9}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2x-3\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+3\right)}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le M\le\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Mà M nguyên \(\Rightarrow M=\left\{-1;0;1\right\}\)
- Với \(M=-1\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x+1}{x^2+3}=-1\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
- Với \(M=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x+1}{x^2+3}=0\Rightarrow4x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
- Với \(M=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x+1}{x^2+3}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+2=0\Rightarrow x=2\pm\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(x=\left\{-2;-\dfrac{1}{4};2-\sqrt{2};2+\sqrt{2}\right\}\) thì M nguyên