Chương IV. Hiđrocacbon. Nhiên liệu

4.2 của cậu đeyy:

- Phần 1:

PT: \(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaCO_{3\downarrow}\)

Ta có: \(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{19,7}{197}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

- Phần 2:

Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{30}{100}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(KHCO_3+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+KOH+H_2O\)

\(Na_2CO_3+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+2NaOH\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{KHCO_3}+n_{Na_2CO_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow0,3=n_{KHCO_3}+0,1\Rightarrow n_{KHCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ X gồm: 0,4 (mol) KHCO₃ và 0,2 (mol) Na₂CO₃

⇒ m = 0,4.100 + 0,2.106 = 61,2 (g)

Bạn xem lại đề nhé, cả KHCO₃ và NaHCO₃ đều không có pư với BaCl₂ đâu.

Gọi CTTQ : CxHy 

\(\Rightarrow x:y=\dfrac{75}{12}:\dfrac{25}{1}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\rightarrow CH4\)

5. 

\(n_X=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\\ M_X=2,125.4=8,5g\cdot mol^{^{ }-1}\\ n_{H_2}=a;n_{C_2H_4}=b\\ a+b=0,1\\ 2a+28b=8,5.0,1=0,85\\ a=0,075;b=0,025\\ H_2+C_2H_4-^{^{ }Ni,t^{^{ }0}}->C_2H_6\\ V_{C_2H_6}=0,025.22,4=0,56L;V_{H_2dư}=22,4\left(0,075-0,025\right)=1,12L\)

6. 

Thu được Y chỉ gồm hydrocarbon nên khí hydrogen phản ứng hết.

\(n_A=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ n_Y=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\\ \Delta n_{hh}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a.\%V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=25\%\\ \%V_{C_2H_4}=75\%\\ b.BTLK\pi:0,15=0,05+n_{Br_2}\\ n_{Br_2}=0,1mol\)

a, \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

\(2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}+n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,25.22,4}{6,72}.100\%\approx83,33\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}\approx16,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{CH_4}+\dfrac{5}{2}n_{C_2H_2}=0,625\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,625.32=20\left(g\right)\)

a, \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

\(2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}+n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{0,028}{22,4}=0,00125\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{CH_4}+\dfrac{5}{2}n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{0,0672}{22,4}=0,003\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=0,00025\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=0,001\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,00025.22,4}{0,028}.100\%=20\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}=80\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}=0,00225\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,00225.22,4=0,0504\left(l\right)\)

a, \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+H_2O\)

\(2C_2H_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}4CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}+n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{56}{22,4}=2,5\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,5.22,4}{33,6}.100\%\approx33,33\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}\approx66,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{CH_4}+\dfrac{5}{2}n_{C_2H_2}=3,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=3,5.32=112\left(g\right)\)

a, \(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

\(C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\)

Ta có: \(n_{C_2H_4}+n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Br_2}=n_{C_2H_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{0,2.22,4}{5,6}.100\%=80\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(V_{ddBr_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,25}=1,2\left(M\right)\)