Bài 27: Điều chế khí oxi-Phản ứng phân hủy

\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{7}{39+35,5+16\cdot3}\approx0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

                       2                2           3

                    0,06            0,06      0,09 (mol)

\(a)V_{O_2}=n\cdot24,79=0,09\cdot24,79=2,2311\left(l\right)\\ b)m_{KCl}=n\cdot M=0,06\cdot\left(39+35,5\right)=4,47\left(g\right).\)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(MOL\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\left(1\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(cần.\left(2\right)\right)}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,4=0,3\left(mol\right)>0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Vậy thể tích khí oxy thu được không đủ đốt cháy 10,8 gam Al

\(a,2KClO_3\xrightarrow[t^0]{}2KCl+3O_2\\ b,H_2+CuO\xrightarrow[]{t^0}Cu+H_2O\\ c,4P+5O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2P_2O_5\)

a) 2KCLO3------>2KCL+3O2

b)H2+CuO--->Cu+H2O

c)4P+5O2--->2P2O5

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{16}{32}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=1.158=158\left(g\right)\)

a, \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{50,4}{56}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,3.232=69,6\left(g\right)\)

d, \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,4.122,5=49\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{50,4}{56}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

\(a.PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\) 

                    3         2          1

                   0,9      0,6       0,3

\(b.V_{O_2}=n.24,79=0,6.24,79=14,874\left(l\right)\) 

\(c.m_{Fe_3O_4}=n.M=0,3.\left(56.3+16.4\right)=69,6\left(g\right)\) 

\(d.V_{O_2}=14,874\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{24,79}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)  

                   2               2          3

                  0,6            0,6       0,9

\(m_{KClO_3}=n.M=0,6.\left(39+35,5+16.3\right)=55,5\left(g\right).\)

a, \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)

b, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}.232=\dfrac{232}{15}\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{4}{15}.22,4=\dfrac{448}{75}\left(l\right)\)

d, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=\dfrac{4}{15}.65=\dfrac{52}{3}\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=\dfrac{8}{15}.36,5=\dfrac{292}{15}\left(g\right)\)

2AL(OH)3--to>AL2O3+3H2O

a, \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

b, \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(n_{KClO_3\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\)

Mà: H% = 80%

\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{30}}{80\%}=\dfrac{1}{24}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{1}{24}.122,5=\dfrac{245}{48}\left(g\right)\)