Bài 1:
a) \(4^{x+2}+4^x=68\)
\(\Rightarrow4^x\cdot\left(4^2+1\right)=68\)
\(\Rightarrow4^x\cdot17=68\)
\(\Rightarrow4^x=\dfrac{68}{17}\)
\(\Rightarrow4^x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow4^x=4^1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
b) \(5\cdot2^{x+4}-3\cdot2^x=308\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(5\cdot2^4-3\right)=308\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(5\cdot16-3\right)=308\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot77=308\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{308}{77}\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=4\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
c) \(4\cdot3^{x+1}+7\cdot3^x=513\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x\cdot\left(4\cdot3+7\right)=513\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x\cdot19=513\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x=\dfrac{513}{19}\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x=27\)
\(\Rightarrow3^x=3^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3\)
d) \(5^{x+4}-5^x=3120\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x\cdot\left(5^4-1\right)=3120\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x\cdot\left(625-1\right)=3120\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x\cdot624=3120\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x\cdot\dfrac{3120}{624}\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x=5\)
\(\Rightarrow5^x=5^1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
f) \(3\cdot4^{2x+1}-16^x=2816\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot4^{2x+1}-\left(4^2\right)^x=2816\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot4^{2x+1}-4^{2x}=2816\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2x}\cdot\left(3\cdot4-1\right)=2816\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2x}\cdot11=2816\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2x}=\dfrac{2816}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2x}=256\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2^2\right)^{2x}=2^8\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{4x}=2^8\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=8\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
Bài 2:
\(2^x+124=5^y\)
\(\Rightarrow5^y-2^x=124\)
\(\Rightarrow5^y-2^x=125-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5^y=125\\2^x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5^y=5^3\\2^x=2^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: ....