a) \(5^{x-3}=125\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{x-3}=5^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x-3=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3+3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=6\)
b) \(x^{2012}:3=3^{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2012}=3^{2011}\cdot3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2012}=3^{2011+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2012}=3^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)