Question

Tìm số nguyên n để:

a) n³ – 2 chia hết cho n – 2

b) n³ – 3n² – 3n – 1 chia hết cho n² + n + 1

c) 5ⁿ – 2ⁿ chia hết cho 63
  giúp vs ạ...
 

Answer 1

a: \(n^3-2⋮n-2\)

=>\(n^3-8+6⋮n-2\)

=>\(6⋮n-2\)

=>\(n-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;-1;8;-4\right\}\)

b: \(n^3-3n^2-3n-1⋮n^2+n+1\)

=>\(n^3+n^2+n-4n^2-4n-4+3⋮n^2+n+1\)

=>\(3⋮n^2+n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

mà \(n^2+n+1=\left(n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>=\dfrac{3}{4}\forall n\)

nên \(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n+1=1\\n^2+n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n=0\\n^2+n-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)=0\\\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1;-2;1\right\}\)