a) 5a² - 5
= 5(a² - 1)
= 5(a - 1)(a + 1)
b) (a² + 9)² - 36a²
= (a² + 9)² - (6a)²
= (a² + 9 - 6a)(a² + 9 + 6a)
= (a - 3)²(a + 3)²
c) m² + 9 - 6m - x² - 4y² + 4xy
= (m² - 6m + 9) - (x² - 4xy + 4y²)
= (m - 3)² - (x - 2y)²
= (m - 3 - x + 2y)(m - 3 + x - 2y)
d) -12x²y + 75xy²
= -3xy(4x - 15y)
e) 8xy³ + x(x - y)
= x(8y³ + x - y)
f) 12x² + 1 - 8x
= 12x² - 2x - 6x + 1
= (12x² - 2x) - (6x - 1)
= 2x(6x - 1) - (6x- 1)
= (6x - 1)(2x - 1)