1) Ta có: \(\sqrt{21-x}+1=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21-x=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-21+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-20=0\)
\(\text{Δ}=\left(-3\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-20\right)=9+80=89\)
Vì Δ>0 nên phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{89}}{2}\\x_2=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{89}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
1)\(\sqrt{21-x}+1=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21-x=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21-x=x^2-2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
2)\(\sqrt{8-x}+2=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8-x=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8-x=x^2-4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-4=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
3)\(1+\sqrt{3x+1}=3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+1=\left(3x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+1=9x^2-6x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-9x=0\Leftrightarrow9x\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)