\(a,\Leftrightarrow2x^3-x^2+ax+b=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=1\Leftrightarrow2-1+a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=-1\)
Thay \(x=-1\Leftrightarrow-2-1-a+b=0\Leftrightarrow b-a=3\)
Từ đó ta được \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-1\\-a+b=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\Leftrightarrow ax^3+bx^2+2x-1=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\cdot b\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=1\Leftrightarrow a+b+2-1=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=-1\)
Thay \(x=-6\Leftrightarrow-216a+36b+12-1=0\Leftrightarrow216a-36b=11\)
Từ đó ta được \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-1\\216a-36b=11\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{25}{252}\\b=-\dfrac{227}{252}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\Leftrightarrow ax^4+bx^3+1=\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot c\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=-1\Leftrightarrow a-b+1=0\Leftrightarrow b=a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax^4+\left(a+1\right)x^3+1⋮\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow ax^4+ax^3+x^3+1⋮\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow ax^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(ax^3+x^2-x+1\right)⋮\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow ax^3+x^2-x+1⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
Thay \(x=-1\Leftrightarrow-a+1+1+1=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\Leftrightarrow b=4\)