A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + 2⁵ + ... + 2¹⁰⁰
= 2 + 2².(1 + 2 + 2²) + 2⁵.(1 + 2 + 2²) + ... + 2⁹⁸.(1 + 2 + 2²)
= 2 + 7.2² + 7.2⁵ + ... + 7.2⁹⁸)
= 2 + 7.(2² + 2⁵ + ... + 2⁹⁸)
Vậy số dư khi chia A cho 7 là 2
\(A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+...+2^{100}\)
\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3\right)+\left(2^4+2^5+2^6\right)+...+\left(2^{97}+2^{98}+2^{99}\right)+2^{100}\)
\(=2\left(1+2+4\right)+2^4\left(1+2+4\right)+...+2^{97}\left(1+2+4\right)+2^{100}\)
\(=7\left(2+2^4+...+2^{97}\right)+2^{100}\)
\(Vì7⋮7=>7\left(2+2^4+..+2^{97}\right)⋮7\)
Ta có:
\(2^3\equiv1\left(mod7\right)\)
\(2^{3.33}\equiv1^{33}\left(mod7\right)\equiv1\left(mod7\right)\)
\(2^{3.33}=2^{99}=>2^{100}=2^{99}.2\equiv1.2\left(mod7\right)\equiv2\left(mod7\right)\)
\(=>2^{100}\) chia \(7\) dư \(2\) mà \(7\left(2+2^4+...+2^{97}\right)⋮7\)
\(=>A\) chia \(7\) dư \(2\)
