Question

Bài 3: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử.
a) x4 + 2x2 + 1
b) 4x2 - 12xy + 9y2
c) -x2 - 2xy - y2
d) (x + y)2 - 2(x + y) + 1
e) x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1
g) x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
h) x3 + 1 - x2 - x
k) (x + y)3 - x3 - y3

 

Answer 1

a) x⁴ + 2x² + 1

= (x²)² + 2.x².1 + 1²

= (x² + 1)²

b) 4x² - 12xy + 9y²

= (2x)² - 2.2x.3y + (3y)²

= (2x - 3y)²

c) -x² - 2xy - y²

= -(x² + 2xy + y²)

= -(x + y)²

d) (x + y)² - 2(x + y) + 1

= (x + y)² - 2.(x + y).1 + 1²

= (x - y + 1)²

Answer 2

e) x³ - 3x² + 3x - 1

= x³ - 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² - 1³

= (x - 1)³

g) x³ + 6x² + 12x + 8

= x³ + 3.x².2 + 3.x.2² + 2³

= (x + 2)³

h) x³ + 1 - x² - x

= (x³ + 1) - (x² + x)

= (x + 1)(x² - x + 1) - x(x + 1)

= (x + 1)(x² - x + 1 - x)

= (x + 1)(x² - 2x + 1)

= (x + 1)(x - 1)²

k) (x + y)³ - x³ - y³

= (x + y)³ - (x³ + y³)

= (x + y)³ - (x + y)(x² - xy + y²)

= (x + y)[(x + y)² - x² + xy - y²]

= (x + y)(x² + 2xy + y² - x² + xy - y²)

= (x + y).3xy

= 3xy(x + y)