1) Đặt \(\dfrac{b\sqrt{a-1}+a\sqrt{b-1}}{ab}\) là A
\(\)\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b-1}}{b}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}\right)^2=\dfrac{a-1}{a^2}=\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a^2}=\dfrac{1}{a}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{b-1}}{b}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 2 BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được:
\(A\le1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Xét: \(a^2+\dfrac{2}{a^3}=\dfrac{1}{3}a^2+\dfrac{1}{3}a^2+\dfrac{1}{3}a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{a^3}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 5 số dương trên, ta có: \(\left(1\right)\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{3}a^2.\dfrac{1}{3}a^2.\dfrac{1}{3}a^2.\dfrac{1}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{a^3}}=5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{27}}=\dfrac{5\sqrt[5]{9}}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\dfrac{1}{3}a^2=\dfrac{1}{a^3}\Leftrightarrow a=\sqrt[5]{3}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Shwarz dạng Engel có:
\(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{1}{4y}=\dfrac{4^2}{4x}+\dfrac{1}{4y}\ge\dfrac{\left(4+1\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{25}{5}=5\)
Dấu " = " khi x = y = \(\dfrac{5}{8}\)